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PIPE > Chapter 13 (HTRN) > Flashcards

Chapter 13 (HTRN) Flashcards

1
Q

One of the reasons for insulating the pipes is

A

Heat loss from the surface is minimized

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2
Q

The rate of radiant energy, that is emitted by a surface at any temperature and in small wavelengths is found from the known rate of energy, that under the same conditions will be emitted from a black surface, by multiplying with the absorptivity. The above enunciation is called:

A

Kirchoff’s Law

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3
Q

Which of the following is generally used to measure the temperature inside the furnace?

A

Optical Pyrometer

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4
Q

All heat transfer processes:

A

involve temperature difference between the bodies

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5
Q

What is thermal diffusivity ?

A

a physical property of the material

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6
Q

Which of the following is a unit of thermal diffusivity?

A

m²/hr

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7
Q

Non isotropic conductivity is shown by which of the following?

A

wood

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8
Q

For glass wool thermal conductivity changes from sample to sample due changes in:

A

structure, density, composition (all of the above)

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9
Q

Which of the following is the SI unit of thermal conductivity?

A

W/ m°K

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10
Q

What is the value if the Prandt’l number for air?

A

0.7

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11
Q

According to Prevost Theory of heat exchange;

A

all bodies absolute zero emit radiation

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12
Q

Thermal conductivity of wood depends in which of the following?

A

moisture, temperature, density

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13
Q

A fur coat on an animal will help the animal to remain:

A

warm in winter

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14
Q

The nature of flow of a fluid inside s tube, whether it is turbulent or laminar, can be ascertained by:

A

Reynolds number

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15
Q

Which of the following modes of heat transfer is the Stefan-Boltzmann law applicable?

A

Radiation

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16
Q

At all wave lengths and temperatures the monochromatic emissivity of a white body is equal to:

A

zero

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17
Q

The radiation from flames is having:

A

all of the above

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18
Q

The statement that the emissivity and absorptivity of a surface is surrounded by its own temperature are the same for both monochromatic and total radiation is called:

A

Kirchoff’s Law

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19
Q

A reservoir that supplies energy in the form of heat is called:

A

source

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20
Q

In regenerator type heat exchanger, heat transfer occurs by:

A

flow of hot and cold fluids alternately over surface

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21
Q

Least value of Prandt’l number can be expected in case of:

A

liquid metals

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22
Q

“The boiling point of a solution is a linear function of water at the same pressure.” The above statement is called

A

Dubring’s Rule

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23
Q

Floating heads are provided in heat exchangers to

A

avoid deformation of tubes because of thermal expansion

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24
Q

What do you call the first page of crystal formation?

A

nucleation

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25
Q

In heat exchanger design, one transfer unit implies:

A

condition when the change in temperature of one steam is numerically equal to the average driving force

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26
Q

Dritus Boelter equation can be applied in case of fluids flowing in:

A

turbulent region

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27
Q

In sugar mills can just is evaporated in:

A

long vertical tube evaporators

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28
Q

A 1-3 heat exchanger refers to which of the following?

A

single pass on shell side and double pass on tube side

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29
Q

A correction of LMTD is essential in case of:

A

cross flow heat exchanger

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30
Q

Which of the following is used as entrainer in acetic acid water separation?

A

Butyl acetate

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31
Q

A type of radiation consisting of singly charged particles that generate to intermediate distances

A

Beta radiation

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32
Q

An electrically charged atom or radical which carries electricity through an electrolyte is called:

A

ion

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33
Q

The energy of a body that can be transmitted in the form if heat

A

thermal energy

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34
Q

In an isometric process, the heat transferred is equal to:

A

change in internal energy

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35
Q

A substance that is able to absorb liquids ir gases and is used for removing them from a given medium or region

A

Absorbent

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36
Q

Radiant heat transfer is described by

A

Kirchoff’s Law

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37
Q

A reservoir that absorbs energy in the form of heat is called

A

sink

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38
Q

When the entire heat exchanger is selected as control volume, heat becomes

A

zero

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39
Q

Heat is conducted in the direction of

A

decreasing temperature

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40
Q

The heat transfer term in the first law of thermodynamics may be due to any of the following except:

A

internal heat generation (e.g., chemical reaction)

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41
Q

All heat transfer processes require a medium of energy exchange except:

A

radiation

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42
Q

Thermal conduction is described by

A

Fourier’s Law

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43
Q

Convection is described by which if the following laws?

A

Newton’s Law

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44
Q

Radiation heat transfer is described by

A

Kirchoff’s Law

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45
Q

The equivalent of ratio of emissive power to absorptivity for bodies in thermal equilibrium is described by:

A

Kirchoff’s Law

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46
Q

The temperature potential between temperature at the two ends of a heat exchanger are given by

A

the logarithmic mean temperature difference

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47
Q

The function of a heat exchanger is to

A

transfer heat from one fluid to another

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48
Q

The function of a superheater is to

A

exhange heat ti increase energy to the flow

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49
Q

A theoretical body which when heated to incandescence would emit a continuous light gray spectrum

A

Black body

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50
Q

Which of the following is the reason for insulating the pipes?

A

Heat loss from the surface is minimized

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51
Q

Heat transfer due to density differential

A

Convection

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52
Q

The term “exposure” in radiological effects is used as a measure of a gamma ray or an x ray field in the surface of an exposed object. Since this radiation produces ionization of the sir surrounding the object, the exposure is obtained as

A

number of ions produced per mass of air x coulumbs per kg

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53
Q

The passing of heat energy from molecule to molecule through a substance

A

conduction

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54
Q

The radiant heat transfer depends on

A

heat rays

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55
Q

What kind of heat exchanger where water is heated to a point that dissolved gases are liberated?

A

Deaerator

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56
Q

Heat transfer processes which include a change of phase of a fluid are considered

A

convection

57
Q

A hot block is cooled by blowing cool air over its top surface. The heat is first transferred to the air layer close to the block is by conduction. It is eventually carried away from the surface by

A

convection

58
Q

A body that is hot compared to its surroundings illuminates more energy than it receives, while its surrounding absorbs more energy than they give. The heat is transferred from one to another by energy eave motion. What is the mode of heat transfer?

A

Radiation

59
Q

What is the density due to density differential?

A

Convection

60
Q

The transmission of heat from one place to another by fluid circulation between the spots of different temperatures is called

A

convection

61
Q

Which of the following requires the greatest amount of heat per kilogran for a given increase in temperature?

A

Water

62
Q

What do you call the effectiveness of a body as a thermal radiator at a given temperature?

A

Emissivity

63
Q

The natural direction of the heat flow between two reservoirs is dependent on which of the following?

A

Their temperature difference

64
Q

Why are metals good conductors of heat?

A

Because they contain free electrons

65
Q

In natural convection a heated portion of a fluids moves because

A

Their density is less than that of the surrounding fluid

66
Q

In order to emit electromagnetic radiation, an object must be at a temperature:

A

above 0 K

67
Q

The rate at which an object radiates electromagnetic energy does not depend on its

A

mass

68
Q

Sublimation refers to

A

the vaporization of a solid without becoming liquid

69
Q

In the process if freeze drying, ice goes directly into water vapor. What is the temperature at which this process can take place?

A

Below the triple point of water

70
Q

What usually happen when a vapor condenses into a liquid?

A

It evolves heat

71
Q

In cooling tower, the water is cooled mainly by:

A

evaporation

72
Q

How do you classify a body that has an emissivity factor of 0.7?

A

Gray body

73
Q

At what particular condition that no more heat can that be removed from a substance and the temperature can no longer be lowered?

A

Absolute zero

74
Q

What refers to heat transfer wherein the heat is transferred from one point to another by actual movement of substance?

A

Convection

75
Q

The ratio of the radiation of actual body to the radiation of a blackbody is known as

A

emittance

76
Q

Which of the following is the actual geometric view factor for a black body?

A

One

77
Q

What happens to the heat transferred radially across insulated pipe per unit area?

A

Decrease from pipe wall to insulated surface

78
Q

What do you call a change of phase directly from vapor to solid without passing through the liquid state?

A

Deposition

79
Q

Which of the following is the Stefan-Boltzmann constant?

A

5.67 x 10^-8 W/m² K⁴

80
Q

What is the usual value of transmissivity for opaque materials?

A

0

81
Q

A body whose emissivity is less than 1 as known as a real body. What is the other tetm for real body?

A

Gray body

82
Q

What refers to an ideal body that absorbs all of the radiant energy that intrudes on it and also emits the maximum possible energy when acting as a source?

A

Black body

83
Q

The thermal resistance for one dimensional steady conduction heat transfer through cylindrical wall in the radial direction is expressed in which of the following functions?

A

Logarithmic

84
Q

The law which states that “the ratio of the emissive powers to absorptivities are equal when the two bodies are in thermal equilibrium” is known as

A

Kirchoff’s Law of Radiation

85
Q

It refers to the ratio of the internal thermal resistance of a solid to the boundary layer thermal resistance (or external resistance of the body?

A

Biot number

86
Q

It refers to the ratio of the heat transferred by conduction to the rate of energy stored

A

Fourier number

87
Q

It is the term used to describe the energy of a body that can be transmitted in the form of heat

A

thermal energy

88
Q

Which of the following is the equivalent heat transferred of a gas undergoing isometric process?

A

Change in internal energy

89
Q

What do you call a substance ttat is able to absorb liquids or gases and is usually used for removing liquids or gases from a given medium or region?

A

Absorbent

90
Q

In which direction that heat is transferred through conduction

A

Decreasing temperature

91
Q

Which of the following statements is based on Prevost theory of heat exchange?

A

All bodies have absolute zero emit radiation

92
Q

Which of the following is the emissivity of white body?

A

Zero

93
Q

The mechanism of heat transfer in which there is no medium (i.e. water, air, solid concrete) required for the heat energy to travel is:

A

Radiation

94
Q

The temperature potential between temperature at the two ends of a heat exchanger are given by:

A

the logarithmic mean temperature difference

95
Q

Which of the following best describe function of heat exchanger?

A

Transfer heat from one fluid to another

96
Q

What refers to a form of energy associated with the kinetic random energy motion of large numbers of molecules

A

Heat

97
Q

How much air is the part light that is absorbed by the body that transmits and reflects 80% and 10% respectively?

A

10%

98
Q

In convection heat transfer, what happens to the heat transfer coefficient if the viscosity of the fluid increases

A

The heat transfer coefficient will decrease

99
Q

How do you call a phenomenon wherein the heat is transferred by motion of fluid under the action of mechanical device?

A

Forced convection

100
Q

In conduction heat transfer, what happens to the heat transfer per unit time when the termsl conductivity decreases?

A

The heat flow will decrease

101
Q

Which of the following is the driving force in heat transfer?

A

Temperature gradient

102
Q

Which of the following is the measure of the relative effectiveness of momentum and energy transport by diffusion in the velocity snf thermal boundary layer?

A

Prandt’l number

103
Q

Which of the following property of the solid that provides the measure of the rate of heat transfer to the energy storage?

A

Thermal diffusivity

104
Q

Two metals were kept together at room temp. and it was found out that one is colder than the other. Which of the following is the best reason why one metal is colder than the other?

A

The thermal conductivity of one metal is high as compared to the other

105
Q

In convection heat transfer, what happens to the heat transfer coefficient if the viscosity of the fluid decreases?

A

The heat transfer coefficient also increases

106
Q

A body that is hot compared to its surroundings illuminates more energy than it receives, while its surrounding absorbs more energy than they give. The heat us transferred from one to another by energy if eave motion. What is this mode of heat transfer?

A

Radiation

107
Q

What do you call a theoretical body where absorptivity and emissivity are independent of the wavelength over the spectral region of the irradiation and the surface emission?

A

Transparent body

108
Q

Which of the following is the structure designed to prevent the spread of fire having a fire resistance rating of not less than four hours?

A

Fire wall

109
Q

Which of the following heat exchange device used to privide heat transfer between the exhaust gases and air prior to the entrance of a combustor?

A

Regenerator

110
Q

Which of the following transfer of heat is involved in the changing of boiling water at 100°C to vapor at the same temperature?

A

Convection

111
Q

Which of the following is the science of low temperatures?

A

Cryogenics

112
Q

Which of the following thermal state of the body considered as reference to communicate heat to the other bodies?

A

Temperature

113
Q

The true mean temperature difference is also known as

A

The logarithmic mean temperature difference

114
Q

Which of the following can be a geometric view factor of a gray body?

A

Greater than zero but less than one

115
Q

The heat transferby conduction occurs in which of the following?

A

In solids, liquids, and gases

116
Q

Which of the following reasons why one gram of steam at 100°C causes more serious burn than 1 gram of water at 100°C?

A

Steam contains more internal energy

117
Q

What usually happens when vapor condenses into liquid?

A

It rejects heat

118
Q

Which of the following has the highest thermal conductivity?

A

Mercury

119
Q

Which of the following is the requirement of the temperature of a body for it to emit radiation?

A

Above zero kelvin

120
Q

Which of the following is the color of iron when it is heated to a highest temperature?

A

White

121
Q

Which of the following is the reason why metals are good conductors of heat?

A

Metals contain free electrons

122
Q

The rate at which heat flows through a slab of some material does not depend on which of the following?

A

The specific heat of material

123
Q

Which of the following is the primary fucntion of a thermal radiator?

A

To transfer heat with or without a medium

124
Q

What is the reason why styrofoam is a good insulating material?

A

Because it contains many tiny pockets of air

125
Q

What usually happens to the surrounding whrn water wapor condenses

A

It warms the surrounding

126
Q

The rate of radiation does not depend on which of the following

A

The thickness of the radiating body

127
Q

Which of the following is not a good conductor of heat?

A

Asbestos

128
Q

Which of the following is not a unit of the rate of heat transfer?

A

Btu/HP-hr

129
Q

The thermal conductivity does not depend on which of the following?

A

Gravitational pull

130
Q

In Maxwell’s theory for thermal conductivity of gases snd vapors, which of the followibg is the value of “a” for triatomic gases?

A

1.7

131
Q

Which of the following conductivities where Sutherland equation is used?

A

Thermal conductivities of gases

132
Q

For pure metals, what happens to the thermal conductivity if the temperature is extremely high?

A

Almost constant except for ferromagnetic materials

133
Q

Which of the following liquids that has the highest thermal conductivity?

A

Water

134
Q

Which of the following is not a heat exchanger?

A

Water hammer

135
Q

Which of the following heat exchangers where fluid flow in the dsme direction and both are of changing temperatures?

A

Parallel flow

136
Q

What happens to the thermal conductivity of diatomic gases if the temperature is increased?

A

The thermal conductivity will also increase

137
Q

What device is used to measure the amount of infrared radiation in each portion of a person’s skin that is emitted?

A

Thermograph

138
Q

The heat transfer by convection occurs in which of the following?

A

Only in gases and liquids

139
Q

In convection heat transfer, what mechanism heat transfer where the fluid moves due to the decrease in its density caused by increase in temperature?

A

Natural convection

PIPE (17 decks)

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