Chapter 7: Mood Disorders Flashcards
Mood Disorders
gross deviations in mood
Anhedonia
depressed mood; lasts most of the day, nearly every day for 2 weeks
What 4 things are needed in order to diagnose depressive episodes?
anhedonia/depressive mood, at least 4 additional physical or cognitive symptoms, significant distress or impairment in everyday functioning, no other medical explanation
Manic Episode
elevated, expansive mood for at least 1 week
Unipolar mood disorder
only one extreme of mood is experienced
Bipolar mood disorder
both depressed and elevated moods are experienced
Mixed features
mood episode with some elements reflecting the opposite valence of mood
Major Depressive Disorder
at least 1 major depressive episode separated by periods of remission, no manic/ hypomanic episodes, not due to schizophrenia spectrum disorders
Persistent Depressive Disorder (Dysthmia)
at least two years of depressive symptoms
Acute Grief
occurs immediately after loss
Integrated Grief
eventual coming to terms with meaning of the loss
Complicated Grief
persistent acute grief with inability to come to terms with loss
Advantage of Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder Diagnosis
legitimizes the difficulties some women face when symptoms are very severe
Disadvantage of Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder Diagnosis
pathologizes an experience many consider to be normal
Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder
significant depressive symptoms occuring prior to menses during the majority of cycles, leading to distress or impairment
An identical twin is ___ likely to develop a mood disorder than a fraternal twin if one twin has bipolar disorder.
more
If one twin has unipolar disorder…
low chances to develop bipolar disorder for the other twin
3 Biological Causes of Mood Disorders
neurotransmitter systems, endocrine system, sleep disturbance
Psychological Cause of Mood Disorders
stressful life events can cause learned helplessness (lack of control -> anxiety -> depression)
Mania
individuals find extreme pleasure in every activity
Hypomanic Episode
a less severe version of a manic episode that does not cause marked impairment in social or occupational functioning; only lasts 4 days
Double Depression
both major episodes and persistent depression with fewer symptoms
Mood Congruent
hallucinations and delusions related to depression
Mood Incongruent
hallucinations and delusions not consistent with the depressed mood
catalepsy
muscles are waxy and semirigid
Psychotic features specifiers
individual experiences psychotic symptoms (hallucinations and delusions)
Anxious distress specifier
the presence and severity of accompanying anxiety
Mixed features specifier
depressive episodes that have at least three symptoms of mania
Melancholic features specifier
severe somatic (physical symptoms)
Catatonic features specifier
involves an absence of movement
Peripartum onset specifier
period of time just before and after birth
Seasonal pattern specifier
depressive episodes that occur during certain seasons
Seasonal Affective Disorder (SAD)
seasonal pattern specifier that occurs for at least 2 years
Mood Dysregulation Disorder
diagnosed in children with recurrent irritable or angry mood and severe temper outbursts that interfere with ability to function
Biopolar II disorder
major depressive episodes alternate with hypomanic episodes rather than full manic episodes
Bipolar I disorder
major depressive episodes with full manic episodes
Cyclothymic Disorder
chronic alteration of mood elevation and depression that does not reach the severity of manic or major depressive episodes
Last week, as he does about every 3 months, Ryan
went out with his friends, buying rounds of drinks,
socializing until early morning, and feeling on top of
the world. Today Ryan will not even get out of bed to go to work, see his friends, or even turn on the lights.
bipolar I disorder
Feeling certain he would win the lottery, Charles went on an all-night shopping spree, maxing out all his credit cards without a worry. We know he’s done this several times, feeling abnormally extreme elation, joy, and euphoria.
mania
Ayana has had some mood disorder problems in the past, although some days she’s better than others. Many days it seems like she has fallen into a rut. Although she manages to get by, she has trouble making decisions because she doesn’t trust herself
persistent depressive disorder
For the past few weeks, Jennifer has been sleeping a lot. She feels worthless, can’t get up the energy to leave the house, and has lost a lot of weight. Her problem is the most common and extreme mood disorder.
major depressive episode
Eusebio is always down and a bit blue, but occasionally he becomes so depressed that nothing pleases him.
double depression
internal depressive attributional style
the individual attributes negative events to personal feelings
stable depressive attributional style
even after a particular negative event passes, the attribution that “additional bad things will always be my fault” remains
global depressive attributional style
the attributions extend across a variety of issues
depressive cognitive triad
person makes cognitive errors in thinking negatively about themselves, their immediate world, and their future
