Chapter 5: Anxiety Disorders

Question 1

Behavioral inhibition system (BIS)

Answer 1

Activated by signals from the brain stem of unexpected events, such as major changes in body functioning that might signal danger

Question 2

What is anxiety useful for?

Answer 2

warning for threats

Question 3

Anxiety becomes a disorder when:

Answer 3

out of proportion, significantly interferes with life

Question 4

Anxiety vs Fear w/ Danger

Answer 4

anxiety: apprehensive (lack of control), fear: immediate danger

Question 5

Anxiety vs Fear w/ Time

Answer 5

anxiety: future-oriented, fear: present-oriented

Question 6

Anxiety vs Fear Systems

Answer 6

anxiety: somatic symptoms of tension (chest/abdominal pain), fear: sympathetic nervous system activated

Question 7

What do anxiety and fear have in common?

Answer 7

both have a negative effect

Question 8

panic attack

Answer 8

abrupt experience of intense fear

Question 9

Anxiety Biological Effects

Answer 9

increased physiological vulnerability, polygenic influences, limbic system and BIS

Question 10

Freud and Anxiety

Answer 10

reactivation of infantile fear situation

Question 11

Types of Anxiety

Answer 11

reality, neurotic, moral

Question 12

Examples of reality anxiety

Answer 12

realistic fear (dog bites), ego

Question 13

Examples of neurotic anxiety

Answer 13

nervous fear, overwhelmed, Id

Question 14

Examples of moral anxiety

Answer 14

social fear, punishment, guilt, superego

Question 15

Expected (cued) panic attack

Answer 15

linked to known stressors and specific triggers

Question 16

Unexpected (uncued) panic attack

Answer 16

occur suddenly without any obvious cause or indication

Question 17

What is the limbic system?

Answer 17

acts as a mediator between the brain stem and cortex

Question 18

Triple Vulnerability Theory

Answer 18

generalized biological vulnerability, generalized psychological vulnerability, specific psychological vulnerability

Question 19

Triple Vulnerability Theory Definition

Answer 19

David Barlow; anxiety disorders result from the interaction of the three vulnerabilities

Question 20

Generalized Biological Vulnerability

Answer 20

vulnerability that is inherited that contributes to negative affect

Question 21

Generalized Psychological Vulnerability

Answer 21

generalized helplessness that exists within the person in every situation

Question 22

Specific Psychological Vulnerability

Answer 22

specific beliefs that make the person vulnerable in every situation

Question 23

One of your parents is afraid of dogs, so you develop a fear of dogs. Which type of vulnerability is this?

Answer 23

specific psychological vulnerability

Question 24

comorbidity

Answer 24

the co-occurrence of two or more disorders in a single individual

Question 25

A ____ is an abrupt experience of intense fear of acute discomfort accompanied by physical symptoms, such as chest pain and shortness of breath.

Answer 25

panic attack

Question 26

An ____ panic attack often occurs in certain situations but not anywhere else.

Answer 26

expected

Question 27

Anxiety is often associated with specific ___ (Ex: behavioral inhibition system or fight/flight system) and ___ systems (Ex: nonadrenergic).

Answer 27

brain circuits, neurotransmitter

Question 28

The rates of ____ among anxiety and related disorders are high because they share the common features of anxiety and panic.

Answer 28

comorbidity

Question 29

____ life events can trigger biological and psychological vulnerabilities to anxiety.

Answer 29

stressful

Question 30

Difference between panic and GAD

Answer 30

panic is associated with autonomic arousal, GAD is characterized by muscle tension and agitation, susceptibility to fatigue, some irritability, and difficulty sleeping

Question 31

Panic Disorder (PD)

Answer 31

individuals experience severe, unexpected panic attacks

Question 32

Agoraphobia

Answer 32

fear and avoidance of situations in which a person feels unsafe or unable to escape in the event of panic

Question 33

common medication for anxiety

Answer 33

benzodiazepines

Question 34

Specific Phobias

Answer 34

extreme and irrational fear of a specific object or situation

Question 35

Four subtypes of specific phobia

Answer 35

blood-injection-injury, situational, natural environment, animal

Question 36

What makes Blood-injection-injury phobia different from other phobias?

Answer 36

significant decrease in heart rate and blood pressure

Question 37

Situational phobia

Answer 37

the fear of specific situations (Ex: claustrophobia)

Question 38

Natural Environment Phobias

Answer 38

fear of situations of events occurring in nature

Question 39

Four ways of developing a phobia

Answer 39

direct experience, experiencing a false alarm (panic attack), observing someone else experiencing severe fear, being told

Question 40

Information transmission

Answer 40

developing a phobia from being warned repeatedly about a potential danger