Chapter 3: Clinical Assessment and Diagnosis

Question 1

Purpose of Clinical Assessment

Answer 1

Treatment Planning, Understanding the individual, Predicting behavior, Diagnosing

Question 2

Reliability

Answer 2

degree of consistency of a measurement

Question 3

Inter-rater Reliability

Answer 3

measures the level of agreement between ratings by multiple people (raters, judges, etc.); higher = more accurate

Question 4

Test-retest Reliability

Answer 4

a test produces similar results over time

Question 5

Inter-item Reliability

Answer 5

consistency between multiple items measuring the same construct (multiple items tell you a result; ex: personality quizzes)

Question 6

Parallel Forms Reliability

Answer 6

create more than one form that asses the same thing (ex: two different forms for an exam)

Question 7

Validity

Answer 7

Does the test measure what it’s supposed to?

Question 8

Face Validity

Answer 8

the assessment appears effected in terms of its stated aims

Question 9

Content Validity

Answer 9

all factors have equal coverage

Question 10

Criterion-related Validity

Answer 10

how well the measurement of one variable can predict the response of another variable

Question 10

What are the two types of Criterion-related validity?

Answer 10

concurrent & predictive

Question 11

Concurrent Validity

Answer 11

measures two variables at the same time to see if one is significantly associated with the other

Question 12

Predictive Validity

Answer 12

determines if a measurement of one variable is able to accurately predict the measurement of some variable in the future

Question 13

Construct-related Validity

Answer 13

how well a test measures the theory it is supposed to measure

Question 14

Convergent Validity

Answer 14

Does it relate to things that it should relate to?

Question 15

Discriminant Validity

Answer 15

Does it not relate to the things that it should not relate to?

Question 16

Standardization

Answer 16

set of norms to ensure consistency throughout measurements

Question 17

Clinical Interview

Answer 17

makes use of verbal communication; medical expert attempts to understand the patient’s mind through various questions and observing the reactions

Question 18

Mental status exam

Answer 18

systematic observation; tests an individual’s cognitive function

Question 19

Structured Clinical Interview

Answer 19

less open-ended and offer a guided approach

Question 20

Semi-structured Clinical Interview

Answer 20

more open-ended

Question 21

Unstructured Clinical Interview

Answer 21

completely directed by the clinician who chooses what questions are asked

Question 22

Name the type of reliability: You go to a clinician on Tuesday and are told you have an IQ of 110, you should expect a similar result if you take the same test again on Thursday.

Answer 22

test-retest

Question 23

Name the type of validity: The results from a standard, but long, IQ test were essentially the same as the results from a new, brief version.

Answer 23

Concurrent validity

Question 24

Name the type of validity: An IQ test predicts who will succeed in school and who will not.

Answer 24

Predictive validity

Question 25

What is used to organize information obtained during an interview?

Answer 25

mental status exam

Question 26

psychomotor retardation

Answer 26

slow and effortful motor behavior

Question 27

The mental status exam covers which five categories?

Answer 27

appearance and behavior, thought process, mood and affect, intellectual functioning, sensorium

Question 28

loose association or derailment

Answer 28

a disorganized speech pattern

Question 29

delusions of persecution

Answer 29

someone thinks people are after them and out to get them all the time

Question 30

delusions of grandeur

Answer 30

an individual thinks they are all powerful in some way

Question 31

ideas of reference

Answer 31

everything everyone else does somehow relates back to the individual

Question 32

affect

Answer 32

the feeling state that accompanies what we say at a given point

Question 33

sensorium

Answer 33

general awareness of our surroundings

Question 34

behavioral assessment

Answer 34

uses direct observation to formally access an individual’s thoughts, feelings, and behavior in specific situations or contexts

Question 35

What is the problem with informal observation?

Answer 35

it relies on the observer’s recollection and interpretation of the events

Question 36

formal observation

Answer 36

involves identifying specific behaviors that are observable and measurable

Question 37

Observational assessment focuses on:

Answer 37

Antecedents, Behavior, Consequences

Question 38

self-monitoring

Answer 38

observing one’s own behavior to find patterns

Question 39

Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale

Answer 39

screens for moderate to severe psychotic disorders

Question 40

reactivity

Answer 40

when observing how people behave, the mere fact of your presence may cause them to change their behavior

Question 41

projective tests

Answer 41

a variety of methods in which stimuli (like pictures) are presented and people are asked to describe what they see

Question 42

What is the theory for projective tests?

Answer 42

people project their own personality and unconscious fears onto other people and things without realizing it

Question 43

Thematic Apperception Test (TAT)

Answer 43

test taker is shown a picture and asked them to tell a story about it