Chapter 7 - Memory

Question 1

forming a memory code

Answer 1

encoding

Question 2

maintaining encoded information in memory over time

Answer 2

storage

Question 3

recovering info from memory stores

Answer 3

retrieval

Question 4

deeper levels of processing result in longer lasting memory codes

Answer 4

levels of processing theory

Question 5

linking a stimulus to other info at the time of encoding

Answer 5

elaboration

Question 6

Paivio - memory is enhanced by forming semantic and visual codes, since either lead to recall

Answer 6

dual-coding theory

Question 7

the process of repetitively verbalizing or thinking about information

Answer 7

rehersal

Question 8

group of familiar stimuli stored as a single unti

Answer 8

chunk

Question 9

limited capacity storage system that temporarily maintains and stores info by providing an interface between perception, memory and action

Answer 9

working memory

Question 10

the tendency to remember similar of related items in group

Answer 10

clustering

Question 11

multilevel classification system based on common properties among items

Answer 11

conceptual heirarchy

Question 12

organized cluster of knowledge about a particular object or event abstracted from previous experience with the object or event

Answer 12

schema

Question 13

nodes representing concepts, joined together by pathways that link related concepts

Answer 13

semantic network

Question 14

participants recall of an event they witnessed is altered by introducing misleading post event info

Answer 14

misinformation effect

Question 15

process of deciding whether memories are based on external sources or internal sources

Answer 15

reality monitoring

Question 16

making attributions about the origins of memory

Answer 16

source monitoring

Question 17

memory derived from one source is misattributed to another source

Answer 17

source monitoring error

Question 18

recalling to whom one has told what

Answer 18

destination memory

Question 19

proportion of material retained

Answer 19

retention

Question 20

forgetting occurs because memory traces fade with time

Answer 20

decay theory

Question 21

people forget info because of competition from other material

Answer 21

interference theory

Question 22

occurs when new info impairs retention of old info

Answer 22

retroactive interference

Question 23

occurs when old info impairs retention of new info

Answer 23

proactive interference

Question 24

value of a retrieval cue depends on how well it corresponds to the memory code

Answer 24

encoding specificity principle

Question 25

initial processing of info is similar to the type of processing required by the subsequent measure of retention

Answer 25

transfer-appropriate processing

Question 26

loss of memories for events that occur before onset of amnesia

Answer 26

retrograde amnesia

Question 27

loss of memories for events that occur after the onset of amnesia

Answer 27

anterograde amnesia

Question 28

gradual conversion of info into durable memory codes stored in LTM

Answer 28

consolidation

Question 29

retention is exhibited on a task that doesn’t require intentional remembering

Answer 29

implicit memory

Question 30

intentional recall of previous events

Answer 30

explicit memory

Question 31

factual info

Answer 31

declarative memory

Question 32

memory for actions, skills, operations and conditioned responses

Answer 32

procedural memory

Question 33

remembering to perform actions in the future

Answer 33

prospective memory

Question 34

remembering events from the past

Answer 34

retrospective memory