Chapter 7 - Memory Flashcards
forming a memory code
encoding
maintaining encoded information in memory over time
storage
recovering info from memory stores
retrieval
deeper levels of processing result in longer lasting memory codes
levels of processing theory
linking a stimulus to other info at the time of encoding
elaboration
Paivio - memory is enhanced by forming semantic and visual codes, since either lead to recall
dual-coding theory
the process of repetitively verbalizing or thinking about information
rehersal
group of familiar stimuli stored as a single unti
chunk
limited capacity storage system that temporarily maintains and stores info by providing an interface between perception, memory and action
working memory
the tendency to remember similar of related items in group
clustering
multilevel classification system based on common properties among items
conceptual heirarchy
organized cluster of knowledge about a particular object or event abstracted from previous experience with the object or event
schema
nodes representing concepts, joined together by pathways that link related concepts
semantic network
participants recall of an event they witnessed is altered by introducing misleading post event info
misinformation effect
process of deciding whether memories are based on external sources or internal sources
reality monitoring
making attributions about the origins of memory
source monitoring
memory derived from one source is misattributed to another source
source monitoring error
recalling to whom one has told what
destination memory
proportion of material retained
retention
forgetting occurs because memory traces fade with time
decay theory
people forget info because of competition from other material
interference theory
occurs when new info impairs retention of old info
retroactive interference
occurs when old info impairs retention of new info
proactive interference
value of a retrieval cue depends on how well it corresponds to the memory code
encoding specificity principle
initial processing of info is similar to the type of processing required by the subsequent measure of retention
transfer-appropriate processing
loss of memories for events that occur before onset of amnesia
retrograde amnesia
loss of memories for events that occur after the onset of amnesia
anterograde amnesia
gradual conversion of info into durable memory codes stored in LTM
consolidation
retention is exhibited on a task that doesn’t require intentional remembering
implicit memory
intentional recall of previous events
explicit memory
factual info
declarative memory
memory for actions, skills, operations and conditioned responses
procedural memory
remembering to perform actions in the future
prospective memory
remembering events from the past
retrospective memory
