Chapter 5 - Variations in Consciousness

Question 1

people’s experience of task unrelated thoughts

Answer 1

mind wandering

Question 2

device that monitors the electrical activity of the brain over time by means of recording electrodes attached to the surface of the scalp

Answer 2

EEG

Question 3

periodic fluctuations in physiological functioing

Answer 3

biological rhythms

Question 4

the 24 hour biological cycles found in humans and many other species

Answer 4

circadian rhythms

Question 5

machine that records muscular activity and tension

Answer 5

EMG

Question 6

machine that records eye movement

Answer 6

EOG

Question 7

consists of sleep stages 3 and 4, during which high-amplitude, low-frequency delta waves become prominent in EEG readings

Answer 7

slow wave sleep

Question 8

relatively deep stage of sleep marked by rapid eye movements; high frequency, low amplitude brain waves and vivid dreaming

Answer 8

REM sleep

Question 9

sleep stages 1 to 4, which are marked by an absence of rapid eye movements, relatively little dreaming and varied EEG activity

Answer 9

non-REM sleep

Question 10

REM sleep and slow wave sleep firm up learning by…

Answer 10

memory consolidation

Question 11

neurogensis can occur during…

Answer 11

REM and slow wave sleep

Question 12

chronic problems getting adequate sleep

difficult falling asleep, remaining asleep and early morning awakening

Answer 12

insomnia

Question 13

disease marked by sudden and irresistible onsets of sleep during normal waking periods
can happen at any time

Answer 13

narcolepsy

Question 14

frequent, reflexive gasping for air that awakens a person and disrupts sleep

Answer 14

sleep apnea

Question 15

anxiety-arousing dreams that lead to awakening, usually from REM sleep

Answer 15

nightmares

Question 16

abrupt awakenings from non REM sleep, accompanied by intense autonomic arousal and feelings of panic

Answer 16

night terrors

Question 17

occurs when a person arises and wanders about while remaining asleep

Answer 17

sleep walking (somnambulism)

Question 18

dreams in which people can think clearly about the circumstances of waking life and the fact that they are dreaming, yet they remain asleep in the midst of a vivid dream

Answer 18

lucid dreams

Question 19

consists of the plot of a dream at the surface level

Answer 19

manifest content

Question 20

hidden or disguised meanings of the events in the plot

Answer 20

latent content

Question 21

dreams as wish fulfillment

Answer 21

Freud

Question 22

problem-solving view

Answer 22

Cartwright

Question 23

activation-synthesis model

Answer 23

Hobson & McCarley

Question 24

a family of practices that train attention to heighten awareness and bring mental processes under greater voluntary control

Answer 24

meditation

Question 25

drugs derived from opium that are capable of relieving pain

morphine and heroin

Answer 25

narcotics

Question 26

sleep inducing drugs that tend to decrease CNS activation and behavioural activity

Answer 26

sedatives

Question 27

drugs that tend to increase CNS activation and behavioral activity
cocaine

Answer 27

stimulents

Question 28

diverse group of drugs that have powerful effects on mental and emotional functioning, marked most prominently by distortions in sensory and perceptual experience
(LSD)

Answer 28

hallucinogens

Question 29

hemp plant from which marijuana, hashish and THC are derived

Answer 29

cannabis

Question 30

compound drug related to both amphetamines and hallucinogens

Answer 30

MDMA

Question 31

when a person must continue to take drug to satisfy intense mental and emotional craving for the drug

Answer 31

psychological dependence