Chapter 7: Memory Flashcards
Memory
Capacity to retain and retrieve info and structures that account for capacity.
Case study of H.M
Not remembering new experiences after brain sugery
Memory is a reconstructive process
alter memories that they make sense of material
source misattribution
inability to distinguish what you experience from heard
Flashbulb memories
events held in memory
contabulation
confusion of event that happened to someone else with one that happened to you
recall
retrieve and reproduce from memory previously encountered matrial
recognition
ability to identify previously encountered material
implicit learning
unconscious retention in memory
priming
person reads and listens to info and is later tested to see effect performance
relearning method
measuring retention that compares the time requires to relearn material
parallel distributed processin
knowledge is represented as connections among thousands of interesting processing units
Sensory register
memory system that momentarily preserves extremely accurate images of sensory info
Short term memory
a limited capacity memory system involved in the retention of information for brief periods
chunk
meaningful unit of info that is composed of smaller units
working memory
complex form of short term memory : involves active mental process that control retrieval info from long term memory
long term memory
memory system involved in the long term storage of information
procedural memories
memories for performance of action or skills
declarative memories
memories of facts rules concepts and events
semantic memories
memories of general knowledge (facts, rules, concepts, propositions)
episodic memories
memories of personally experienced events and the context in which they occured
Serial position effect
tendency to recall of first and last items on a list to surpass items in a middle of a list
primacy effect
improved recall for items at the beginning of a list
recency effect
improved recall for items at the end of a list
biology of memory
forming a memory involved chemical and structural changed in parts of neurons
biology of short term memory
alter neurons ability to release neurotransmitters
biology of long term memory
increase in the strength of synaptic responsiveness
consolidation
a long term memory becomes durable and stable
responsible for the formation, consolidation and retrieval of emotional memories
Amygdala
responsible for short term memory and working memory task
frontal lobes
responsible for storage of long term memories
hippocampus
procedural memories involve specific changed to ..
the cerebellum
formation of long term memories involved the
cerebral cortex
hormones released by adrenal glands
epinephrine, norepinephrine
maintenance rehearsal
repetition of material in order to maintain its availability in memory
elaborative rehearsal
association of new info with stored knowledge
deep processin
procession of meaning rather than simply the physical or sensory feature of a stimulus
mnemonic
strategies and tricks for improving memory
Decay theory
if info is not accessed, memory disappears
replacement
new info entering memory can wipe out old info
retroactive interference
ability to remember similar material stored previously
proactive interference
ability to remember similar , more recently learned material
Amnesia
partial or complete loss of memory of important personal information
psychogenic amnesia
need to escape feelings of embarrassment, guilt, shame, disappointment
traumatic amnesia
forgetting of specific traumatic events,
repression
selective involuntary pushing of threatening or upsetting information into the unconscious
Childhood Amnesia
ability to remember events and experienced that occurred during the first two or three years
brain development
parts of the brain associated with memory may not be adequately developed in young children
cognitive development
absense of an adequate self concept and underdeveloped cognitive schemas
social development
preschoolers don’t understand the conventions of reporting experiences or founding on details important to others
