Chapter 6: Thinking & Intelligence Flashcards
Concept
Mental category that groups objects , relations , activities , abstractions or qualities having common properties .
Basic concepts
Moderate number of instances
Prototype
Representative example
Proposition
Meaningful unit built of concepts & expressing a single idea
Schema
Mental network of knowledge , beliefs & expectations
Image
Mental representation that resembles what it represents
Subconscious process
Mental process occurs outside of conscious progress
Non-conscious process
Mental processes occurring outside of and not available to conscious awereness
Implicit learning
knowledge about something without being aware
Mindlessness
Mental inflexibility, obliviousness in the present context,
Reasoning
drawing of conclusions or inferences from observations, and facts
Algorithm
problem solving strategy guaranteed to produce a result
Deductive reasoning
Logic in which a conclusion necessarily follows from a set of premises
Inductive reasoning
a conclusion probably follows from a set of premises
heuristic
rule of thumb that suggest a course of action or guides.
dialectical reasoning
opposing facts and ideas that are weighed and compared
skills
assumptions, questionares
pre reflexive judgement
first two stages, pro’s & cons
Quasi reflective judgement
middle 3 reflective judgement, final two stages
Affect heuristic
consults ones emotions instead of estimating probabilities: emotions get the way of your action
Availability heuristic
judge the probability of a type of event by how easy it is to think of examples
Framing effect
peoples choices be effected by how a choice is represented ( chance of winning )
Fairness Bias
Rational to accept any offer
Hindsight Bias
Tendency to over estimate ones ability to have predicted an event once the outcome is known
confirmation Bias
tendency to pay attention only to information that conforms ones owns beliefs
Mental set
tendency to solve problem using procedure that worked before on similar problems
Cognitive dissance
state of tension produced when a person holds two psychology inconsistent cognition or when a persons belief is in congruent with behavior ( thought are different) ex: ex smokers
Post decision dissance
need to justify behavior that conflicts with view on life
justification of effort
tendency to people to increase their liking for something they have worked hard for or suffered
Intelligence
inferred characteristics (acquire knowledge, think abstract , act purposely)
G factor
intellectual ability assumed by theorist to underline specific mental abilities
psychometric
measurements of mental abilities and traits
factor analysis
analizes the inter correction among various measures or test scores
IQ test
mental age
componential
defining strategics and evaluating
metacognition
awareness of ones own cognitive process
experiential
transfer skills to new situations
contextual
adapting to changes and new environment
emotional intelligence
ability to identify your own and other peoples emotions accurately
heritability
a statistical estimate of the proportions of total variance in some trait that is attributable to genetic difference among induviduals
Environmental contributors play a role in IQ scores
Poor prenatal care, stressful family, Malnutrition, exposure to toxics
Cognitive ethology
study of cognitive process in nonhuman animals
anthropomorphism
tendency to falsely attribute human qualities to non human beings
anthropodenial
tendency to think mistakenly , that human beings have nothing in common with other animals
Intra
yourself
intro
other people
IQ formula
MA=CA *
Average is 85-115
