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Psychology > Chapter 6: Thinking & Intelligence > Flashcards

Chapter 6: Thinking & Intelligence Flashcards

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1
Q

Concept

A

Mental category that groups objects , relations , activities , abstractions or qualities having common properties .

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2
Q

Basic concepts

A

Moderate number of instances

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3
Q

Prototype

A

Representative example

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4
Q

Proposition

A

Meaningful unit built of concepts & expressing a single idea

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5
Q

Schema

A

Mental network of knowledge , beliefs & expectations

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6
Q

Image

A

Mental representation that resembles what it represents

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7
Q

Subconscious process

A

Mental process occurs outside of conscious progress

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8
Q

Non-conscious process

A

Mental processes occurring outside of and not available to conscious awereness

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9
Q

Implicit learning

A

knowledge about something without being aware

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10
Q

Mindlessness

A

Mental inflexibility, obliviousness in the present context,

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11
Q

Reasoning

A

drawing of conclusions or inferences from observations, and facts

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12
Q

Algorithm

A

problem solving strategy guaranteed to produce a result

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13
Q

Deductive reasoning

A

Logic in which a conclusion necessarily follows from a set of premises

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14
Q

Inductive reasoning

A

a conclusion probably follows from a set of premises

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15
Q

heuristic

A

rule of thumb that suggest a course of action or guides.

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16
Q

dialectical reasoning

A

opposing facts and ideas that are weighed and compared

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17
Q

skills

A

assumptions, questionares

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18
Q

pre reflexive judgement

A

first two stages, pro’s & cons

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19
Q

Quasi reflective judgement

A

middle 3 reflective judgement, final two stages

20
Q

Affect heuristic

A

consults ones emotions instead of estimating probabilities: emotions get the way of your action

21
Q

Availability heuristic

A

judge the probability of a type of event by how easy it is to think of examples

22
Q

Framing effect

A

peoples choices be effected by how a choice is represented ( chance of winning )

23
Q

Fairness Bias

A

Rational to accept any offer

24
Q

Hindsight Bias

A

Tendency to over estimate ones ability to have predicted an event once the outcome is known

25
Q

confirmation Bias

A

tendency to pay attention only to information that conforms ones owns beliefs

26
Q

Mental set

A

tendency to solve problem using procedure that worked before on similar problems

27
Q

Cognitive dissance

A

state of tension produced when a person holds two psychology inconsistent cognition or when a persons belief is in congruent with behavior ( thought are different) ex: ex smokers

28
Q

Post decision dissance

A

need to justify behavior that conflicts with view on life

29
Q

justification of effort

A

tendency to people to increase their liking for something they have worked hard for or suffered

30
Q

Intelligence

A

inferred characteristics (acquire knowledge, think abstract , act purposely)

31
Q

G factor

A

intellectual ability assumed by theorist to underline specific mental abilities

32
Q

psychometric

A

measurements of mental abilities and traits

33
Q

factor analysis

A

analizes the inter correction among various measures or test scores

34
Q

IQ test

A

mental age

35
Q

componential

A

defining strategics and evaluating

36
Q

metacognition

A

awareness of ones own cognitive process

37
Q

experiential

A

transfer skills to new situations

38
Q

contextual

A

adapting to changes and new environment

39
Q

emotional intelligence

A

ability to identify your own and other peoples emotions accurately

40
Q

heritability

A

a statistical estimate of the proportions of total variance in some trait that is attributable to genetic difference among induviduals

41
Q

Environmental contributors play a role in IQ scores

A

Poor prenatal care, stressful family, Malnutrition, exposure to toxics

42
Q

Cognitive ethology

A

study of cognitive process in nonhuman animals

43
Q

anthropomorphism

A

tendency to falsely attribute human qualities to non human beings

44
Q

anthropodenial

A

tendency to think mistakenly , that human beings have nothing in common with other animals

45
Q

Intra

A

yourself

45
Q

intro

A

other people

46
Q

IQ formula

A

MA=CA *

Average is 85-115

Psychology (4 decks)

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