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MoD-Exam 2 > Chapter 7 Memorizations > Flashcards

Chapter 7 Memorizations Flashcards

1
Q

Here’s a chart potentially worth looking at, but we’ll make specific questions for ones that continuously show up in the chapter

A

Keep reading x3

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2
Q

Which of the following can result in astrocytoma? Select all that apply

A. Abundance of PDGF-B growth factor due to overexpression mutation of PDGFB

B. Abundance of FGF growth factor due to overexpression mutation of HST1

C. Abundance of FGF growth factor due to amplification mutation of FGF3

D. Abundance of HGF growth factor due to overexpression mutation of HGF

E. Abundance of TGF-a growth factor due to overexpression of TGFA

A

A. Abundance of PDGF-B growth factor due to overexpression mutation of PDGFB

E. Abundance of TGF-a growth factor due to overexpression of TGFA

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3
Q

Which of the following can result in osteosarcoma?

A. Abundance of PDGF-B growth factor due to overexpression mutation of PDGFB

B. Abundance of FGF growth factor due to overexpression mutation of HST1

C. Abundance of FGF growth factor due to amplification mutation of FGF3

D. Abundance of HGF growth factor due to overexpression mutation of HGF

E. Abundance of TGF-a growth factor due to overexpression of TGFA

A

B. Abundance of FGF growth factor due to overexpression mutation of HST1

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4
Q

Which of the following can result in stomach cancer, bladder cancer, breast cancer, and melanoma?

A. Abundance of PDGF-B growth factor due to overexpression mutation of PDGFB

B. Abundance of FGF growth factor due to overexpression mutation of HST1

C. Abundance of FGF growth factor due to amplification mutation of FGF3

D. Abundance of HGF growth factor due to overexpression mutation of HGF

E. Abundance of TGF-a growth factor due to overexpression of TGFA

A

C. Abundance of FGF growth factor due to amplification mutation of FGF3

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5
Q

Which of the following can result in hepatocellular carcinomas and thyroid cancer?

A. Abundance of PDGF-B growth factor due to overexpression mutation of PDGFB

B. Abundance of FGF growth factor due to overexpression mutation of HST1

C. Abundance of FGF growth factor due to amplification mutation of FGF3

D. Abundance of HGF growth factor due to overexpression mutation of HGF

E. Abundance of TGF-a growth factor due to overexpression of TGFA

A

D. Abundance of HGF growth factor due to overexpression mutation of HGF

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6
Q

Which of the following growth factor receptors is implicated in development of adenocarcinoma of lung? Select all that apply

A. EGf-receptor family from mutation of ERBB1 (EGFR) gene

B. EGF-receptor family from amplification of ERBB2 (HER) gene

C. FMS-like TK3 from a point mutation of FLT3

D. Receptor for neurtrophic factors from overexpression or translocation of RET

E. ALK receptor for translocation or fusion gene formation of ALK

A

A. EGf-receptor family from mutation of ERBB1 (EGFR) gene

E. ALK receptor for translocation or fusion gene formation of ALK

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7
Q

Which of the following growth factor receptors is implicated in development of breast carcinoma?

A. PDGF receptor due to overexpression or translocation of PDGFRB

B. EGF-receptor family from amplification of ERBB2 (HER) gene

C. FMS-like TK3 from a point mutation of FLT3

D. Receptor for neurtrophic factors from point mutation of RET

E. Receptor for KIT ligand from point mutation of KIT

A

B. EGF-receptor family from amplification of ERBB2 (HER) gene

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8
Q

Which of the following growth factor receptors is implicated in development of leukemia?

A. PDGF receptor due to overexpression or translocation of PDGFRB

B. ALK receptor from a point mutation in ALK

C. FMS-like TK3 from a point mutation of FLT3

D. Receptor for neurtrophic factors from point mutation of RET

E. Receptor for KIT ligand from point mutation of KIT

A

C. FMS-like TK3 from a point mutation of FLT3

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9
Q

Which of the following growth factor receptors is implicated in development of endocrine neoplasia 2A and B, or familial medullary thyroid carcinomas?

A. PDGF receptor due to overexpression or translocation of PDGFRB

B. ALK receptor from a point mutation in ALK

C. FMS-like TK3 from a point mutation of FLT3

D. Receptor for neurtrophic factors from point mutation of RET

E. Receptor for KIT ligand from point mutation of KIT

A

D. Receptor for neurtrophic factors from point mutation of RET

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10
Q

Which of the following growth factor receptors is implicated in development of gliomas (glioblastomas) and leukemias?

A. PDGF receptor due to overexpression or translocation of PDGFRB

B. ALK receptor from a point mutation in ALK

C. FMS-like TK3 from a point mutation of FLT3

D. Receptor for neurtrophic factors from point mutation of RET

E. Receptor for KIT ligand from point mutation of KIT

A

A. PDGF receptor due to overexpression or translocation of PDGFRB

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11
Q

Which of the following growth factor receptors is implicated in development of GI stromal tumors, seminomas, and leukemias?

A. PDGF receptor due to overexpression or translocation of PDGFRB

B. ALK receptor from a point mutation in ALK

C. FMS-like TK3 from a point mutation of FLT3

D. Receptor for neurtrophic factors from point mutation of RET

E. Receptor for KIT ligand from point mutation of KIT

A

E. Receptor for KIT ligand from point mutation of KIT

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12
Q

Which of the following growth factor receptors is implicated in development of neuroblastomas?

A. PDGF receptor due to overexpression or translocation of PDGFRB

B. ALK receptor from a point mutation in ALK

C. FMS-like TK3 from a point mutation of FLT3

D. Receptor for neurtrophic factors from point mutation of RET

E. Receptor for KIT ligand from point mutation of KIT

A

B. ALK receptor from a point mutation in ALK

NOTE: Translocation or fusion gene formation of ALK to EML4 results in the development of adenocarcinoma

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13
Q

Which of the following mutations involving GTP-binding G proteins leads to colon, lung, and pancreatic tumor development?

A. KRAS point mutation

B. HRAS point mutation

C. NRAS point mutation

D. GNAQ point mutation

E. GNAS point mutation

A

A. KRAS point mutation

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14
Q

Which of the following mutations involving GTP-binding G proteins leads to bladder and kidney tumors?

A. KRAS point mutation

B. HRAS point mutation

C. NRAS point mutation

D. GNAQ point mutation

E. GNAS point mutation

A

B. HRAS point mutation

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15
Q

Which of the following mutations involving GTP-binding G proteins leads to melanomas and hematologic malignancies?

A. KRAS point mutation

B. HRAS point mutation

C. NRAS point mutation

D. GNAQ point mutation

E. GNAS point mutation

A

C. NRAS point mutation

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16
Q

Which of the following mutations involving GTP-binding G proteins leads to pituitary adenomas and other endocrine tumors?

A. KRAS point mutation

B. HRAS point mutation

C. NRAS point mutation

D. GNAQ point mutation

E. GNAS point mutation

A

E. GNAS point mutation

17
Q

Which of the following mutations involving GTP-binding G proteins leads to uveal melanoma?

A. KRAS point mutation

B. HRAS point mutation

C. NRAS point mutation

D. GNAQ point mutation

E. GNAS point mutation

A

D. GNAQ point mutation

18
Q

Which of the following gene mutations results in development of Burkitt lymphoma?

A. Translocation of NMYC

B. Point mutation of NMYC

C. Translocation of MYC

D. Point mutation of MYC

A

C. Translocation of MYC

19
Q

Which of the following gene mutations results in development of Neuroblastoma?

A. Translocation of NMYC

B. Amplification of NMYC

C. Translocation of MYC

D. Point mutation of MYC

A

B. Amplification of NMYC

20
Q

Which of the following impactions of cell cycle regulators resutls in the development of mantle cell lymphoma and multiple myeloma?

A. Translocation of CCND1 (cyclin D1)

B. Amplification of CCND1 (cyclin D1)

C. Amplification of CDK4 (cyclin dependent kinase)

D. Point mutation of CDK4 (cyclin dependent kinase)

A

A. Translocation of CCND1 (cyclin D1)

21
Q

Which of the following impactions of cell cycle regulators results in breast and esophageal cancers?

A. Translocation of CCND1 (cyclin D1)

B. Amplification of CCND1 (cyclin D1)

C. Amplification of CDK4 (cyclin dependent kinase)

D. Point mutation of CDK4 (cyclin dependent kinase)

A

B. Amplification of CCND1 (cyclin D1)

22
Q

Which of the following impactions of cell cycle regulators results in glioblastoma, melanoma, and sarcoma?

A. Translocation of CCND1 (cyclin D1)

B. Amplification of CCND1 (cyclin D1)

C. Amplification of CDK4 (cyclin dependent kinase)

D. Point mutation of CDK4 (cyclin dependent kinase)

A

C. Amplification of CDK4 (cyclin dependent kinase)

D. Point mutation of CDK4 (cyclin dependent kinase)

Tricky Tricky it’s both

23
Q

Tumor Suppressor Genes

Familial syndromes: Colonic polyps and carcinomas

Sporadic Cancers: Stomach, colon, pancreas carcinomas; melanoma

A. APC

B. NF1

C. NF2

D. PTCH

E. PTEN

F. SMAD2, SMAD4

A

A. APC

24
Q

Tumor Suppressor Genes

Familial syndromes: Neurogibromatosis Type 1 (neurofibromas and malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumors)

Sporadic Cancers: Neuroblastoma, juvenile myeloid leukemia

A. APC

B. NF1

C. NF2

D. PTCH

E. PTEN

F. SMAD2, SMAD4

A

NF1

25
Q

Tumor Suppressor Genes

Familial syndromes: Neurofibromatosis Type 2 (acoustic schwannoma and meningioma)

Sporadic Cancers: Schwannoma and meningioma)

A. APC

B. NF1

C. NF2

D. PTCH

E. PTEN

F. SMAD2, SMAD4

A

NF2

26
Q

Tumor Suppressor Genes

Familial syndromes: Gorlin syndrome (basal cell carcinoma, medulloblastoma, serveral benign tumors)

Sporadic Cancers: Basal cell carcinoma, medulloblastoma

A. APC

B. NF1

C. NF2

D. PTCH

E. PTEN

F. SMAD2, SMAD4

A

PTCH

inhibitor of Hh signaling

protein: patched

27
Q

Tumor Suppressor Genes

Familial syndromes: Cowden syndrome (benign skin, GI, CNS growths; breast, endometrial, and thyroid carcinomas)

Sporadic Cancers:Carcinomas and lymphoid tumors

A. APC

B. NF1

C. NF2

D. PTCH

E. PTEN

F. SMAD2, SMAD4

A

PTEN

inhibitor of PI3K/Akt

protein: phosphatase and tensin homologue

28
Q

Tumor Suppressor Genes

Familial syndromes: Juvenile polposis

Sporadic Cancers: Colic and pancreatic carcinoma

  • mutated along with other components of the TGF-b signaling pathway

A. APC

B. NF1

C. NF2

D. PTCH

E. PTEN

F. SMAD2, SMAD4

A

SMAD2, SMAD4

Component of TGF-B signalling, repressors of MYC and CDK4 expression, and inducors of CDKIs

29
Q

Tumor Suppressor Genes- inhibitors of cell cycle progression

Familial Syndromes: Familial melanoma

Sporadic Cancers: Pancreatic, breast, and esophageal carcinoma, melanoma, some leukemias

A. RB

B. CDKN2A

A

CDKN2A

p16, p14

30
Q

Tumor Suppressor Genes- inhibitors of cell cycle progression

Familial Syndromes: Familial retinoblastoma syndrome (osteosarcoma, retinoblastoma)

Sporadic Cancers: Osteosarcoma, carcinoma of breast, colon, lung

A. RB

B. CDKN2A

A

RB

31
Q

Tumor Suppressor Genes- Inhibitors of “pro-growth” programs of metabolism and angiogenesis

Familial Syndromes: Von Hippel Lindau syndrome (cerebellar hemangioblastoma, retinal angioma, renal cell carcinoma)

Sporadic Syndromes: REnal cell carcinoma

A. VHL

B. STK11

C. SDHB, SDHD

A

VHL

inhibitor of hypoxia induced transcription factors (HIF1-a)

32
Q

Tumor Suppressor Genes- Inhibitors of “pro-growth” programs of metabolism and angiogenesis

Familial Syndromes: Peutz-Jeghers syndrome (GI polyps, GI cancers, pancreatic carcinoma and other carcinomas)

Sporadic Syndromes: Diverse carcinomas

Activator of AMPK kinase family, and supresses cell growth when nutrients and energy is low

A. VHL

B. STK11

C. SDHB, SDHD

A

STK11

Liver kinase B1 (LKB1)=STK11

33
Q

Tumor Suppressor Genes- Inhibitors of “pro-growth” programs of metabolism and angiogenesis

Familial Syndromes: Familial paraganglioma, familial pheochromocytoma

Sporadic Syndromes: Paraganglioma

A. VHL

B. STK11

C. SDHB, SDHD

A

SDHB, SDHD

TCA cycle, ox phos

34
Q

Tumor Suppressor Genes

Familial Syndromes: Familial gastric cancer

Sporadic Syndromes: Gastric carcinoma, lobular breast carcinoma

A. TP53

B. BRCA1, BRCA2

C. MSH2, MLH1, MSH6

D. WT1

E. MEN1

F. CDH1

A

CDH1

protein: E-cadherin

Cell adhesion and inhibition of cell motility

35
Q

Tumor Suppressor Genes

Familial Syndromes: Li-Fraumeni syndrome

Sporadic Syndromes: Most human cancers

A. TP53

B. BRCA1, BRCA2

C. MSH2, MLH1, MSH6

D. WT1

E. MEN1

A

TP53

36
Q

Tumor Suppressor Genes

Familial Syndromes: Familial breast and ovarian carcinoma; carcinomas of male breast; chronic lymphocytic leukemia

Sporadic Syndromes: Rare

A. TP53

B. BRCA1, BRCA2

C. MSH2, MLH1, MSH6

D. WT1

E. MEN1

A

BRCA1, BRCA2

37
Q

Tumor Suppressor Genes

Familial Syndromes: Hereditary nonpolyposis colon carcinoma

Sporadic Syndromes: Colonic and endometrial carcinoma

A. TP53

B. BRCA1, BRCA2

C. MSH2, MLH1, MSH6

D. WT1

E. MEN1

A

MSH2, MLH1, MSH6

38
Q

Tumor Suppressor Genes

Familial Syndromes: Familial Wilms Tumor

Sporadic Syndromes: Wilms Tumor, certain leukemias

A. TP53

B. BRCA1, BRCA2

C. MSH2, MLH1, MSH6

D. WT1

E. MEN1

A

WT1

39
Q

Tumor Suppressor Genes

Familial Syndromes: Meltiple endocrine neoplasoa-1 (pituitary, parathyroid, and pancreatic endocrine tumors)

Sporadic Syndromes:Pituitary, parathyroid, and pancreatic endocrine tumors

A. TP53

B. BRCA1, BRCA2

C. MSH2, MLH1, MSH6

D. WT1

E. MEN1

A

MEN1

Menin

MoD-Exam 2 (11 decks)

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