Chapter 7 Memorizations Flashcards
Here’s a chart potentially worth looking at, but we’ll make specific questions for ones that continuously show up in the chapter
Keep reading x3
Which of the following can result in astrocytoma? Select all that apply
A. Abundance of PDGF-B growth factor due to overexpression mutation of PDGFB
B. Abundance of FGF growth factor due to overexpression mutation of HST1
C. Abundance of FGF growth factor due to amplification mutation of FGF3
D. Abundance of HGF growth factor due to overexpression mutation of HGF
E. Abundance of TGF-a growth factor due to overexpression of TGFA
A. Abundance of PDGF-B growth factor due to overexpression mutation of PDGFB
E. Abundance of TGF-a growth factor due to overexpression of TGFA
Which of the following can result in osteosarcoma?
A. Abundance of PDGF-B growth factor due to overexpression mutation of PDGFB
B. Abundance of FGF growth factor due to overexpression mutation of HST1
C. Abundance of FGF growth factor due to amplification mutation of FGF3
D. Abundance of HGF growth factor due to overexpression mutation of HGF
E. Abundance of TGF-a growth factor due to overexpression of TGFA
B. Abundance of FGF growth factor due to overexpression mutation of HST1
Which of the following can result in stomach cancer, bladder cancer, breast cancer, and melanoma?
A. Abundance of PDGF-B growth factor due to overexpression mutation of PDGFB
B. Abundance of FGF growth factor due to overexpression mutation of HST1
C. Abundance of FGF growth factor due to amplification mutation of FGF3
D. Abundance of HGF growth factor due to overexpression mutation of HGF
E. Abundance of TGF-a growth factor due to overexpression of TGFA
C. Abundance of FGF growth factor due to amplification mutation of FGF3
Which of the following can result in hepatocellular carcinomas and thyroid cancer?
A. Abundance of PDGF-B growth factor due to overexpression mutation of PDGFB
B. Abundance of FGF growth factor due to overexpression mutation of HST1
C. Abundance of FGF growth factor due to amplification mutation of FGF3
D. Abundance of HGF growth factor due to overexpression mutation of HGF
E. Abundance of TGF-a growth factor due to overexpression of TGFA
D. Abundance of HGF growth factor due to overexpression mutation of HGF
Which of the following growth factor receptors is implicated in development of adenocarcinoma of lung? Select all that apply
A. EGf-receptor family from mutation of ERBB1 (EGFR) gene
B. EGF-receptor family from amplification of ERBB2 (HER) gene
C. FMS-like TK3 from a point mutation of FLT3
D. Receptor for neurtrophic factors from overexpression or translocation of RET
E. ALK receptor for translocation or fusion gene formation of ALK
A. EGf-receptor family from mutation of ERBB1 (EGFR) gene
E. ALK receptor for translocation or fusion gene formation of ALK
Which of the following growth factor receptors is implicated in development of breast carcinoma?
A. PDGF receptor due to overexpression or translocation of PDGFRB
B. EGF-receptor family from amplification of ERBB2 (HER) gene
C. FMS-like TK3 from a point mutation of FLT3
D. Receptor for neurtrophic factors from point mutation of RET
E. Receptor for KIT ligand from point mutation of KIT
B. EGF-receptor family from amplification of ERBB2 (HER) gene
Which of the following growth factor receptors is implicated in development of leukemia?
A. PDGF receptor due to overexpression or translocation of PDGFRB
B. ALK receptor from a point mutation in ALK
C. FMS-like TK3 from a point mutation of FLT3
D. Receptor for neurtrophic factors from point mutation of RET
E. Receptor for KIT ligand from point mutation of KIT
C. FMS-like TK3 from a point mutation of FLT3
Which of the following growth factor receptors is implicated in development of endocrine neoplasia 2A and B, or familial medullary thyroid carcinomas?
A. PDGF receptor due to overexpression or translocation of PDGFRB
B. ALK receptor from a point mutation in ALK
C. FMS-like TK3 from a point mutation of FLT3
D. Receptor for neurtrophic factors from point mutation of RET
E. Receptor for KIT ligand from point mutation of KIT
D. Receptor for neurtrophic factors from point mutation of RET
Which of the following growth factor receptors is implicated in development of gliomas (glioblastomas) and leukemias?
A. PDGF receptor due to overexpression or translocation of PDGFRB
B. ALK receptor from a point mutation in ALK
C. FMS-like TK3 from a point mutation of FLT3
D. Receptor for neurtrophic factors from point mutation of RET
E. Receptor for KIT ligand from point mutation of KIT
A. PDGF receptor due to overexpression or translocation of PDGFRB
Which of the following growth factor receptors is implicated in development of GI stromal tumors, seminomas, and leukemias?
A. PDGF receptor due to overexpression or translocation of PDGFRB
B. ALK receptor from a point mutation in ALK
C. FMS-like TK3 from a point mutation of FLT3
D. Receptor for neurtrophic factors from point mutation of RET
E. Receptor for KIT ligand from point mutation of KIT
E. Receptor for KIT ligand from point mutation of KIT
Which of the following growth factor receptors is implicated in development of neuroblastomas?
A. PDGF receptor due to overexpression or translocation of PDGFRB
B. ALK receptor from a point mutation in ALK
C. FMS-like TK3 from a point mutation of FLT3
D. Receptor for neurtrophic factors from point mutation of RET
E. Receptor for KIT ligand from point mutation of KIT
B. ALK receptor from a point mutation in ALK
NOTE: Translocation or fusion gene formation of ALK to EML4 results in the development of adenocarcinoma
Which of the following mutations involving GTP-binding G proteins leads to colon, lung, and pancreatic tumor development?
A. KRAS point mutation
B. HRAS point mutation
C. NRAS point mutation
D. GNAQ point mutation
E. GNAS point mutation
A. KRAS point mutation
Which of the following mutations involving GTP-binding G proteins leads to bladder and kidney tumors?
A. KRAS point mutation
B. HRAS point mutation
C. NRAS point mutation
D. GNAQ point mutation
E. GNAS point mutation
B. HRAS point mutation
Which of the following mutations involving GTP-binding G proteins leads to melanomas and hematologic malignancies?
A. KRAS point mutation
B. HRAS point mutation
C. NRAS point mutation
D. GNAQ point mutation
E. GNAS point mutation
C. NRAS point mutation
Which of the following mutations involving GTP-binding G proteins leads to pituitary adenomas and other endocrine tumors?
A. KRAS point mutation
B. HRAS point mutation
C. NRAS point mutation
D. GNAQ point mutation
E. GNAS point mutation
E. GNAS point mutation
Which of the following mutations involving GTP-binding G proteins leads to uveal melanoma?
A. KRAS point mutation
B. HRAS point mutation
C. NRAS point mutation
D. GNAQ point mutation
E. GNAS point mutation
D. GNAQ point mutation
Which of the following gene mutations results in development of Burkitt lymphoma?
A. Translocation of NMYC
B. Point mutation of NMYC
C. Translocation of MYC
D. Point mutation of MYC
C. Translocation of MYC
Which of the following gene mutations results in development of Neuroblastoma?
A. Translocation of NMYC
B. Amplification of NMYC
C. Translocation of MYC
D. Point mutation of MYC
B. Amplification of NMYC
Which of the following impactions of cell cycle regulators resutls in the development of mantle cell lymphoma and multiple myeloma?
A. Translocation of CCND1 (cyclin D1)
B. Amplification of CCND1 (cyclin D1)
C. Amplification of CDK4 (cyclin dependent kinase)
D. Point mutation of CDK4 (cyclin dependent kinase)
A. Translocation of CCND1 (cyclin D1)
Which of the following impactions of cell cycle regulators results in breast and esophageal cancers?
A. Translocation of CCND1 (cyclin D1)
B. Amplification of CCND1 (cyclin D1)
C. Amplification of CDK4 (cyclin dependent kinase)
D. Point mutation of CDK4 (cyclin dependent kinase)
B. Amplification of CCND1 (cyclin D1)
Which of the following impactions of cell cycle regulators results in glioblastoma, melanoma, and sarcoma?
A. Translocation of CCND1 (cyclin D1)
B. Amplification of CCND1 (cyclin D1)
C. Amplification of CDK4 (cyclin dependent kinase)
D. Point mutation of CDK4 (cyclin dependent kinase)
C. Amplification of CDK4 (cyclin dependent kinase)
D. Point mutation of CDK4 (cyclin dependent kinase)
Tricky Tricky it’s both
Tumor Suppressor Genes
Familial syndromes: Colonic polyps and carcinomas
Sporadic Cancers: Stomach, colon, pancreas carcinomas; melanoma
A. APC
B. NF1
C. NF2
D. PTCH
E. PTEN
F. SMAD2, SMAD4
A. APC
Tumor Suppressor Genes
Familial syndromes: Neurogibromatosis Type 1 (neurofibromas and malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumors)
Sporadic Cancers: Neuroblastoma, juvenile myeloid leukemia
A. APC
B. NF1
C. NF2
D. PTCH
E. PTEN
F. SMAD2, SMAD4
NF1
Tumor Suppressor Genes
Familial syndromes: Neurofibromatosis Type 2 (acoustic schwannoma and meningioma)
Sporadic Cancers: Schwannoma and meningioma)
A. APC
B. NF1
C. NF2
D. PTCH
E. PTEN
F. SMAD2, SMAD4
NF2
Tumor Suppressor Genes
Familial syndromes: Gorlin syndrome (basal cell carcinoma, medulloblastoma, serveral benign tumors)
Sporadic Cancers: Basal cell carcinoma, medulloblastoma
A. APC
B. NF1
C. NF2
D. PTCH
E. PTEN
F. SMAD2, SMAD4
PTCH
inhibitor of Hh signaling
protein: patched
Tumor Suppressor Genes
Familial syndromes: Cowden syndrome (benign skin, GI, CNS growths; breast, endometrial, and thyroid carcinomas)
Sporadic Cancers:Carcinomas and lymphoid tumors
A. APC
B. NF1
C. NF2
D. PTCH
E. PTEN
F. SMAD2, SMAD4
PTEN
inhibitor of PI3K/Akt
protein: phosphatase and tensin homologue
Tumor Suppressor Genes
Familial syndromes: Juvenile polposis
Sporadic Cancers: Colic and pancreatic carcinoma
- mutated along with other components of the TGF-b signaling pathway
A. APC
B. NF1
C. NF2
D. PTCH
E. PTEN
F. SMAD2, SMAD4
SMAD2, SMAD4
Component of TGF-B signalling, repressors of MYC and CDK4 expression, and inducors of CDKIs
Tumor Suppressor Genes- inhibitors of cell cycle progression
Familial Syndromes: Familial melanoma
Sporadic Cancers: Pancreatic, breast, and esophageal carcinoma, melanoma, some leukemias
A. RB
B. CDKN2A
CDKN2A
p16, p14
Tumor Suppressor Genes- inhibitors of cell cycle progression
Familial Syndromes: Familial retinoblastoma syndrome (osteosarcoma, retinoblastoma)
Sporadic Cancers: Osteosarcoma, carcinoma of breast, colon, lung
A. RB
B. CDKN2A
RB
Tumor Suppressor Genes- Inhibitors of “pro-growth” programs of metabolism and angiogenesis
Familial Syndromes: Von Hippel Lindau syndrome (cerebellar hemangioblastoma, retinal angioma, renal cell carcinoma)
Sporadic Syndromes: REnal cell carcinoma
A. VHL
B. STK11
C. SDHB, SDHD
VHL
inhibitor of hypoxia induced transcription factors (HIF1-a)
Tumor Suppressor Genes- Inhibitors of “pro-growth” programs of metabolism and angiogenesis
Familial Syndromes: Peutz-Jeghers syndrome (GI polyps, GI cancers, pancreatic carcinoma and other carcinomas)
Sporadic Syndromes: Diverse carcinomas
Activator of AMPK kinase family, and supresses cell growth when nutrients and energy is low
A. VHL
B. STK11
C. SDHB, SDHD
STK11
Liver kinase B1 (LKB1)=STK11
Tumor Suppressor Genes- Inhibitors of “pro-growth” programs of metabolism and angiogenesis
Familial Syndromes: Familial paraganglioma, familial pheochromocytoma
Sporadic Syndromes: Paraganglioma
A. VHL
B. STK11
C. SDHB, SDHD
SDHB, SDHD
TCA cycle, ox phos
Tumor Suppressor Genes
Familial Syndromes: Familial gastric cancer
Sporadic Syndromes: Gastric carcinoma, lobular breast carcinoma
A. TP53
B. BRCA1, BRCA2
C. MSH2, MLH1, MSH6
D. WT1
E. MEN1
F. CDH1
CDH1
protein: E-cadherin
Cell adhesion and inhibition of cell motility
Tumor Suppressor Genes
Familial Syndromes: Li-Fraumeni syndrome
Sporadic Syndromes: Most human cancers
A. TP53
B. BRCA1, BRCA2
C. MSH2, MLH1, MSH6
D. WT1
E. MEN1
TP53
Tumor Suppressor Genes
Familial Syndromes: Familial breast and ovarian carcinoma; carcinomas of male breast; chronic lymphocytic leukemia
Sporadic Syndromes: Rare
A. TP53
B. BRCA1, BRCA2
C. MSH2, MLH1, MSH6
D. WT1
E. MEN1
BRCA1, BRCA2
Tumor Suppressor Genes
Familial Syndromes: Hereditary nonpolyposis colon carcinoma
Sporadic Syndromes: Colonic and endometrial carcinoma
A. TP53
B. BRCA1, BRCA2
C. MSH2, MLH1, MSH6
D. WT1
E. MEN1
MSH2, MLH1, MSH6
Tumor Suppressor Genes
Familial Syndromes: Familial Wilms Tumor
Sporadic Syndromes: Wilms Tumor, certain leukemias
A. TP53
B. BRCA1, BRCA2
C. MSH2, MLH1, MSH6
D. WT1
E. MEN1
WT1
Tumor Suppressor Genes
Familial Syndromes: Meltiple endocrine neoplasoa-1 (pituitary, parathyroid, and pancreatic endocrine tumors)
Sporadic Syndromes:Pituitary, parathyroid, and pancreatic endocrine tumors
A. TP53
B. BRCA1, BRCA2
C. MSH2, MLH1, MSH6
D. WT1
E. MEN1
MEN1
Menin
