Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

MoD-Exam 2 > 7.4 Carcinogenic Agents - Clinical Aspects of Neoplasia > Flashcards

7.4 Carcinogenic Agents - Clinical Aspects of Neoplasia Flashcards

1
Q

Which of the following is true in terms of initiation and promotion of carcinogenesis?

A. Initiation nor promotion alone is sufficient for tumorgenesis

B. Initiation is the resutl of exposure to a carcinogen, and most produce irreversible, nonlethal cell damage to be eligible for tumorgenesis

C. Promotion must occur AFTER initiation, or carcinogenesis will not occur

D. Promoters are non-mutagenic chemical agents that stimulate cell proliferation

E. All the above are correct

A

All the above are correct

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Which of the following 3 subdivisions of UV wavelegnth ranges is most associated with induction of skin cancers?

A. UVC (200-280nm)

B. UVB (280-320nm)

C. UVA (320-400nm)

A

B. UVB (280-320nm)

NOTE: UVC (200-280) is absorbed mostly by ozone and is not really feared…yet

ABC 400, 320, 280

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Melanoma vs. Nonmelanoma skin cancer:

Which of the 2 is associated with total cumulative exposure to UV radiation?

Which of the 2 is associated with intense intermittent exposure of UV rays (ex. sun bathing)?

A

Which of the 2 is associated with total cumulative exposure to UV radiation?

Nonmelanoma

Which of the 2 is associated with intense intermittent exposure of UV rays (ex. sun bathing)?

Melanoma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

The carcinogenecity of UVB (280-320nm) is due to the formation of what structures in the DNA?

A. pyrimidine dimers

B. purine dimers

C. pyramid dimes 10 cents each

D. None of the above

A

A. pyrimidine dimers

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

All of the following are cancers induced by radiation, except for which of the following that are relatively resistant to radiation?

A. Myeloid leukemias

B. Thyroid cancer in children

C. Breast, lung, and salivary glands

D. Bone, GI, and skin

E. None of the above are even a little resistant to radiation

A

D. Bone, GI, and skin

B**ee**G**ee**S aren’t afraid of radiation

NOTE: Their is a heirarchy of radiation induced cancers which go in the order from option A-C

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Human T cell Leukemia Virus Type 1 (HTLV-1) causes Adult T cell Leukemia/Lymphoma which is endemic to what 5 locations?

A

Put on a JACUS there’s HTLV-1 out there

Japan

Africa

Caribbean

US

South America

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

HTLV-1 has tropism for which of the following cells that is a target for neoplastic growth?

A. CD4 T cells

B. CD8 T cells

C. NK cells

D. Plasma B cells

A

A. CD4 T cells

NOTE: transmission is through infected T cell through sex, blood, and breastfeeding

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

HTLV-1 is an oncogenic RNA virus whos viral replication and transcirpitonal alteration of host cells is all attributed to Tax. Below are the two ways that Tax contributes to development of cancerous hallmarks. Explain what mechanism allow these influences.

Increased pro-growth signalling and survival(4):

Increased genomic instability:

A

Increased pro-growth signalling and survival:

PI3K/Akt activation, upregulation of cyclin D2, and activation of NF-kB

Increased genomic instability:

Interfering with cell cycle checkpoints and DNA repair

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

HPV’s oncogenic potential arises through its proteins E6 and E7. All of the following are true of E7 EXCEPT for which of the following that is true of E6?

A. Binds with RB protein and displaces E2F to allow progression through the G1-S cell cycle checkpoint

B. Inactivates CDKIs p21 and p27

C. Activates cyclin E and cyclin A when stemming from high risk HPVs like (16, 18, and 31)

D. Stimulates the expression of the catalytic subunit of telomerase, TERT

A

D. Stimulates the expression of the catalytic subunit of telomerase, TERT

NOTE: E6 also binds and mediates the degredation of p53

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Epistein-Barr virus infects B lymphocytes using complement receptor CD21, and then LMP-1 from EBV carries out which of the following effects?

A. Activates NF-kB and JAK/STAT pathway to promote B cell survival

B. Prevents apoptosis by BCL-2 activation

C. Encodes a nuclear protein that mimics a constitutively activated Notch receptor

D. All of the above

E. All except C

A

E. All except C

A. Activates NF-kB and JAK/STAT pathway to promote B cell survival

B. Prevents apoptosis by BCL-2 activation

NOTE: EBNA-2 encodes th nuclear protein that mimics constitutively activated Notch receptor, and also transactivates SRC oncogenes, and cyclin D

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Which of the following viral cytokines is encoded by EBV and is used to both prevent macrophages and monocytes from activating T cells, and is required for EBV-dependent B cell activation?

A. vIL-1

B. vIL-10

C. vIL-13

D. vIFNy

A

B. vIL-10

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Cushings Syndrome is an endocrinopathy that can be seen as a paraneoplastic syndrome related to what cancers? (3)

A

Small Cell lung carcinoma

Pancreatic carcinomas

Neural tumors

Roll up a blunt that looks like a Pancreas, and smoking it will mess up your Lungs and your Brain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Hypercalcemia is an endocrinopathy that can be seen as a paraneoplastic syndrome related to what cancers? (4)

A

Breast Cancer

Renal Cancer

ATLL

Squamous cell carcinoma of the lung

What do you call people who brag about having a lot of calcium? BRAtS

NOTE: Related to PTHRP, TGF-a, TNF, IL-1

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

HYPOglycemia is an endocrinopathy that can be seen as a paraneoplastic syndrome related to what cancers? (3)

A

Fibrosarcoma

Ovarian Cancer

Mesenchymal cancers

Diabetics with low blood sugar FOM at the mouth for candy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Venous thrombosis (Trousseu phenomenon) is a vascular/hematologic change related to paraneoplasms related to what two cancer types?

A

Pancreatic carcinoma

Bronchogenic carcinoma

Thrombosis can be caused by high BP

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Acanthosis Nigricans is a dermatologic disorder that can result as a paraneoplasm associated with what 3 cancers?

A

Gastric Carcinoma

Lung Carcinoma

Uterine Carcinoma

Acanthosis Nigricans looks like someone GLU‘d dark paper on the back of your neck

17
Q

Which of the following is the most common character used for Grading a tumor?

A. Size of the primary tumor

B. Extend of spread to the regional LN

C. Presence or absence of blood borne metastasis

D. Degree of differentation and number of mitoses or architectural features

A

D. Degree of differentation and number of mitoses or architectural features

NOTE A-C are used for Staging to make up the TNM system

18
Q

For the TNM system in Staging of cancers:

  1. What is the range of T to indicate size of the tumor?
  2. What is the range of N to indicate range of nodular involvement?
  3. What is the range of N to indicate presence and/or number of metastasis?
  4. What TNM rating would an in situ tumor, with no nodular involvement, and no distant metastasis be graded as?
A
  1. What is the range of T to indicate size of the tumor?

(T0) T1-4

  1. What is the range of N to indicate range of nodular involvement?

(N0) N1-3

  1. What is the range of N to indicate presence and/or number of metastasis?

(M0) M1-M2

  1. What TNM rating would an in situ tumor, with no nodular involvement, and no distant metastasis be graded as?

T0, N0, M0

19
Q

Look at this

A

Dope

x3

20
Q

Which of the following are useful for detecting tumors of an epithelial origin?

A. CD20

B. Desmin

C. Cytokeratins

D. None of the above

A

C. Cytokeratins

NOTE:

CD20- b cells

desmin- muscle cells

21
Q

Explain the genetic complexity of common tumors.

A

x3

22
Q

Which of the following hormones is a marker for Trophoblastic tumors and nonseminomatous testicular tumors?

A. hCG

B. Calcitonin

C. Catecholamine and metabolites

D. Ectopic hormones

A

A. hCG

23
Q

Which of the following hormones is a marker for Phenochromocytoma?

A. hCG

B. Calcitonin

C. Catecholamine and metabolites

D. Ectopic hormones

A

C. Catecholamine and metabolites

24
Q

Which of the following hormones is a marker for Medullary carcinoma of the thyroid?

A. hCG

B. Calcitonin

C. Catecholamine and metabolites

D. Ectopic hormones

A

Calcitonin

25
Q

Detection of TP53 mutants in the urine are most useful in detection of

A. Colon cancer

B. Pancreatic cancer

C. Lung cancer

D. Bladder cancer

A

D. Bladder cancer

26
Q

Detection of TP53 and RAS mutants in the stool and serum is most useful in detecting?

A. Colon cancer

B. Pancreatic cancer

C. Lung cancer

D. Bladder cancer

A

B. Pancreatic cancer

NOTE: in the sputum and serum for Lung cancer

27
Q

All of the following can be typed by detecting for TP53 mutants, but which of the following where detecting APC mutant is useful?

A. Colon cancer

B. Pancreatic cancer

C. Lung cancer

D. Bladder cancer

A

A. Colon cancer

28
Q

Chronic Myelogenous Leukemia (CML) is asscociated with which of the following translocations?

A. (14;18)(q32;q21)

B. (8;21)(q22;q22) and (15;17)(q22;q21)

C. (8;14)(q24;q32)

D. (9;22)(q34;q11)

E. (11;14)(q32;q21)

A

(9;22)(q34;q11)

Celine Morgan Lived in Philadelphia; the philadelphia chromosome is 9;22

29
Q

Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML) is asscociated with which of the following translocations?

A. (14;18)(q32;q21)

B. (8;21)(q22;q22) and (15;17)(q22;q21)

C. (8;14)(q24;q32)

D. (9;22)(q34;q11)

E. (11;14)(q32;q21)

A

(8;21)(q22;q22) and (15;17)(q22;q21)

Martin Luther wrote his 95 theses in 1517

30
Q

Burkitt Lymphoma is asscociated with which of the following translocations?

A. (14;18)(q32;q21)

B. (8;21)(q22;q22) and (15;17)(q22;q21)

C. (8;14)(q24;q32)

D. (9;22)(q34;q11)

E. (11;14)(q32;q21)

A

(8;14)(q24;q32)

Lymphomas will involve chromosome 14

B in Burkitt looks like an 8, and 8 year olds love Myc-ey mouse

31
Q

Mantle Cell Lymphoma is asscociated with which of the following translocations?

A. (14;18)(q32;q21)

B. (8;21)(q22;q22) and (15;17)(q22;q21)

C. (8;14)(q24;q32)

D. (9;22)(q34;q11)

E. (11;14)(q32;q21)

A

(11;14)(q13;q32)

Lymphomas always involve chromosome 14

Mantles with pillars look like an 11, you can put your bicycle on them

32
Q

Follicular Lymphoma is asscociated with which of the following translocations?

A. (14;18)(q32;q21)

B. (8;21)(q22;q22) and (15;17)(q22;q21)

C. (8;14)(q24;q32)

D. (9;22)(q34;q11)

E. (11;14)(q32;q21)

A

(14;18)(q32;q21)

Lymphomas involve chromsome 14

Your hair Follicles really start coming in at 18, and if you don’t shave you’ll Be Chaffing Later (bcl-2)

MoD-Exam 2 (11 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions