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Wildlife Rehabilitation > Chapter 7 Mammal Rehab Basics > Flashcards

Chapter 7 Mammal Rehab Basics Flashcards

1
Q

Upon admittance of an orphaned animal, you should evaluate the need to provide which of the
following?

a. heat
b. fluids
c. treatment of injuries
d. isolation
e. all of the above

A

E

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2
Q

How many of the orphaned animals admitted to your care may require rehydration therapy upon
arrival?

a. very few
b. about 50%
c. practically all

A

C

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3
Q

A 2.5% Dextrose® in solution with lactated
ringers is an excellent fluid to administer to weak, dehydrated orphan mammals as it provides extra
calories.

A

True

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4
Q

The body temperature of an infant animal
has no effect on its ability to digest food.

A

False

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5
Q

When using an external heat source to raise
the body temperature of an animal, you must monitor the animal carefully to prevent burns and
overheating. Which of the following, if used improperly, can cause injury to the animal?

a. heating pad
b. infrared lamp
c. incandescent light bulb with reflectors
d. all of the above

A

D

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6
Q

Warm water bottles used to warm orphaned
mammals should be wrapped in a towel to prevent burns.

A

True

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7
Q

You have been presented with an orphan
squirrel that is listless and disinterested in food or water. What should you do first?

a. warm it up
b. try to feed it with a bottle
c. stomach tube (gavage) it
d. wait until dark and see if it perks up
e. take its temperature

A

E

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8
Q

There is no need to isolate young animals
upon admittance to avoid the spread of contagious disease.

A

False

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9
Q

You have a litter of three young gray
squirrels in your care when another young gray squirrel is brought to you. You should:

a. immediately add this animal to the existing litter to improve its socialization skills
b. isolate this new individual for a day and if it appears healthy, add it to the litter
c. isolate this new individual for a minimum of seven days before adding it to the litter
d. do a fecal exam and if it is negative, add this squirrel to the litter

A

C

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10
Q

Young mammals need lots of handling and
attention when they are being raised by humans to help them feel secure.

A

False

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11
Q

Handling of young mammals should be
tapered off at what time?

a. when their eyes open
b. when they begin self-feeding
c. when they are placed in outside housing
d. just before they are released

A

B

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12
Q

A regular domestic rabbit hutch is a good
cage for young wild cottontail rabbits.

A

False

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13
Q

It is not necessary to raise young mammals with others of the same species
(conspecifics) for proprer socialization.

A

False

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14
Q

Infant rabbits tolerate frequent handling with a minimum of stress.

A

False

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15
Q

A radio should be played during daylight hours in an orphan squirrel nursery to provide auditory stimulation for growth and development.

A

False

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16
Q

Monitoring body weight is an important criteria in evaluation of an orphaned animal’s condition.

A

True

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17
Q

Terry cloth is a good bedding material for
orphaned wildlife.

A

False

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18
Q

Orphaned mammals should be examined for lice, fleas and ticks and treated appropriately.

A

True

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19
Q

Animals placed on long term antibiotics maY’,. need a lactobacillus supplement such as Bene Bae® to help reestablish intestinal flora caused by the sterilizing effect of the
antibiotic.

A

True

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20
Q

Which of the following statements about
infant cottontail rabbits is FALSE?

a. they need to be stimulated to urinate
b. they begin eating solid food when they are ten days old
c. during the first week of life, they are kept warm by the mother who stays with them in a fur-lined nest
d. they usually do better when the litter is raised together, rather than separated and raised alone

A

C

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21
Q

Generally, in Minnesota, eastern cottontails begin giving birth during:

a. January to February
b. March to May
c. May to July
d. August to September

A

B

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22
Q

Female eastern cottontails can have as many as four litters of young per season in Minnesota.

A

True

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23
Q

The average gestation period and the average number of young per litter for Eastern cottontails is:

a. 4 weeks, 4 to 5 young
b. 2 weeks, 6 to 8 young
c. 10 weeks, 1 to 2 young
d. none of the above

A

A

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24
Q

Young eastern cottontail rabbits open their eyes at approximately what age?

a. birth
b. 1 week
c. 2 weeks
d. 4 weeks

A

B

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25
Q

Infant cottontail rabbits are on their own by about 4 weeks of aqe.

A

True

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26
Q

The average gestation period and the average number of young per litter for a gray squirrel is:

a. 45 days, 3 to 5 young
b. 21 days, 2 to 4 young
c. 17 days, 1 to 2 young
d. none of the above

A

A

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27
Q

At approximately what age does a young gray squirrel’s eyes open?

a. 1 to 2 weeks
b. 2 to 3 weeks
c. 4 to 5 weeks
d. 6 to 7 weeks

A

C

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28
Q

Which of the following do cottontail rabbits depend on for safety and survival?

a. concealment
b. ability to run fast to escape when needed
c. powerful front teeth for use as a defense mechanism
d. a and b
e. all of the above

A

D

29
Q

Cottontail rabbits have a fragile spinal column which is easily broken by a jarring blow, or predator bite.

A

True

30
Q

In cottontail rabbits, stress can precipitate an imbalance of the delicate intestinal bacteria resulting in an overload of pathogenic bacteria causing stress-induced enteritis (inflammation of the intestines) which can lead to death.

A

True

31
Q

an infant cottontail rabbit with its eyes closed exhibiting frantic head waving is probably a starving orphan.

A

True

32
Q

�!. approximately what age are gray squirrels weaned in the wild?

a 1 month
b. 2 months
c. 3 months
d. 4 months

A

B

33
Q

Cottontails can die from stress-induced
diarrhea or spinal injuries if improperly rehabilitated.

A

True

34
Q

It is acceptable to keep rabbits in an open­ topped box or cage.

A

False

35
Q

Young cottontail rabbits can escape through 1” mesh.

A

True

36
Q

Since cottontail rabbits are, like other
species, very instinctive, it is doubtful anything is gained by pre-release conditioning (e.g. exposure to natural food sources, acclimation to eather, etc.).

A

True

37
Q

The first thing you should feed a young cottontail that appears to be in good health is:

a. rehydrating solution
b. grass
c. full-strength formula

A

A

38
Q

Orphaned infant cottontails, or any orphaned
mammal, should be given a source of heat such as a heating pad. The heating pad should be placed:

a. on top of the box they are being kept in so the heat source is from above
b. under the whole box, since there is no need to allow them to get away from the heat
c. under only a part of the box so the rabbits can escape the heat

A

C

39
Q

Heating pads used to warm orphaned
mammals should be set on:

a. low
b. medium
c. high
d. high at first, then medium or low

A

A

40
Q

Captive rabbits should be supplied with
large quantities of:

a. natural forage, leafy greens and grasses supplemented with rabbit chow
b. diced apples
c. rabbit chow
d. bananas
e. all of the above

A

A

41
Q

Appropriate food items for captive, adult
squirrels might include each of the following
EXCEPT:

a. nuts
b. fruits and berries
c. sugared cereals
d. monkey (zupreme) biscuits
e. dog food

A

C

42
Q

The protein and fat content of the milk of
most mammals is the same among species.

A

False

43
Q

Excessive or inappropriate milk sugars or
fats can cause diarrhea and digestive upsets in infant mammals.

A

True

44
Q

Esbilac® and KMR® are two common milk
replacers used for rearing many orphaned wild mammals.

A

True

45
Q

Raw eggs are a safe addition to a young
mammal’s feeding formula.

A

False

46
Q

Formulas should be warmed to body
temperature before feeding.

A

True

47
Q

Formulas placed in a microwave should be
thoroughly mixed after warming to prevent uneven heating.

A

True

48
Q

When beginning to hand.feed a litter of
orphaned gray squirrels, the appropriate formula should be:

a. warmed to body temperature before feeding
b. fed using bottles with disinfected nipples
c. fed initially at full concentration
d. a and b

A

D

49
Q

When starting an orphan on formula feedings, supplemental rehydration fluids
may need to be given subcutaneously.

A

True

50
Q

Tube-feeding is the preferred, routine
method for feeding most healthy orphan animals.

A

False

51
Q

Infant animals should be held on their backs like human babies when being fed.

A

False

52
Q

When bottle feeding an infant, it is better to
overfeed to be sure it gets enough than to underfeed.

A

False

53
Q

Orphan mammals should be fed as
infrequently as possible without over or underfeeding to minimize human contact.

A

True

54
Q

As long as a nutritionally balanced diet is
provided for orphaned wildlife, the frequency of feedings is not important.

A

False

55
Q

It is important to know an orphan’s stomach
capacity before feeding so that overfeeding does not occur.

A

True

56
Q

The maximum stomach capacity of infant
rodents, carnivores and marsupials is in the range of:

a. 15 to 25 ml per kg of body weight
b. 50 to 60 ml per kg of body weight
c. 100 to 250 ml per kg of body weight d 400 to 500 ml per kg of body weight

A

B

57
Q

The maximum stomach capacity of an infant
rabbit is in the range of :

a. 15 to 25 ml per kg of body weight
b. 50 to 60 ml per kg of body weight
c. 100 to 250 ml per kg of body weight
d. 400 to 500 ml per kg of body weight

A

c

58
Q

An infant rabbit has a larger stomach
capacity than a squirrel of similar body weight.

A

True

59
Q

Cottontail rabbits are coprophagous, which
means that they

a. eat only vegetation
b. ingest their own soft green feces which are produced at a certain interval after they feed
c. get fluid froin dew and the vegetation they eat

A

B

60
Q

Aspiration pneumonia is a common problem
associated with bottle-feeding of some orphaned mammals. It is caused by:

a. feeding too large a volume of formula too rapidly
b. burning the face with the warmed formula
c. missing more than one feeding
d. a and c

A

A

61
Q

A hole in a feeding nipple that is too large
can cause leakage of formula and lead to aspiration and possibly pneumonia.

A

True

62
Q

While feeding a young squirrel, yo.u notice
milk bubbles around the nose and mouth. You should:

a. stop feeding, wipe the surplus off, and hold the head down and gently shake or rub between the shoulders
b. assume it doesn’t like the taste of the milk and will get used to it in time … keep going
c. wipe the surplus off and place the squirrel on its back
d. stop the feeding because its stomach is full which is why the milk is coming back up

A

A

63
Q

It is not necessary to wipe excess formula
from the faces and paws of orphans after feeding because they will clean themselves.

A

False

64
Q

Formula feedings should be discontinued in
the case of severe diarrhea in young mammals.

A

True

65
Q

Before their eyes are open, most young
mammals need to be stimulated to urinate by gently rubbing their genital area with a warm, wet cloth or cotton ball.

A

True

66
Q

As soon as an infant mammal’s eyes are
open, it no longer needs to be stimulated to urinate.

A

False

67
Q

Orphan mammals that are able to defecate
on their own can also urinate by themselves without stimulation.

A

False

68
Q

The term weaning refers to:

a. sleeping
b. drinking water
c. the transition from milk to solid diet
d. being ready for release

A

C

69
Q

Cottontails prefer warm formula warmer
rather than tepid or cool.

A

True`

Wildlife Rehabilitation (7 decks)

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