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Wildlife Rehabilitation > B. Taxonomy, identification, natural history-birds, mammals, reptiles/amphibians > Flashcards

B. Taxonomy, identification, natural history-birds, mammals, reptiles/amphibians Flashcards

1
Q

A bird that is hatched, feathered, and able to eat on its own and follow it’s parents shortly after hatching is an example of:
A. a precocial bird
B. a fledgling bird
C. an altricial bird
D. an imprinted bird

A

A

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2
Q

Which of the following birds are considered to be precocial?
A. robins and crows
B. pheasants and owls
C. killdeer and grouse
D. wood ducks and pigeons
E. starlings and bluebirds

A

C

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3
Q

An infant bird that hatches naked, blind and totally dependent on it’s parents is an example of:
A. a precocial bird
B. a fledgling bird
C. an altricial bird
D. an imprinted bird

A

C

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4
Q

If an avian species is sexually dichromatic (a type of dimorphism), the gender of an adult bird can be determined by plumage.

A

True

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5
Q

Birds that do not preen adequately may lose the water proofing and thermoregulatory qualities of their feathers.

A

True

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6
Q

The most common sexual relationship among birds is monogomy, in which a pair remains together through at least one nesting season.

A

True

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7
Q

Clutch size is the:
A. number of eggs laid in a single nesting
B. number of birds fledged from the nest
C. number of birds raised in a nesting season
D. amount of prey that can be grasped between talons

A

A

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8
Q

Preening is a commonly observed behavior of birds involving the careful cleaning, rearrangement, and oiling of the feathers with the bill to preserve flight and thermo regulatory properties.

A

True

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9
Q

Birds that mate for life will not pair with other birds if their mates are lost.

A

False

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10
Q

Birds cope with cold by:
A. raising metabolic rate
B. constricting blood vessels in the feet
C. tucking a leg and/or beak under body/wing feathers
D. fluffing out feathers to increase air insulation layer
E. all of the above

A

E

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11
Q

The presence of a brood patch (featherless area) on the belly of a bird identifies it as a female.

A

False

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12
Q

The average lifespan for most songbirds that reach adulthood is 2 to 4 years; however, some birds have been documented to survive over 10 years.

A

True

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13
Q

Studies indicate that a nesting success (at least one chick fledges) rate of 60 to 70% is typical among open nesting songbirds during an average breeding season.

A

False

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14
Q

House sparrows are known for harrassing native cavity nesting birds such as the eastern bluebird by stealing nest sites, breaking eggs, killing nestlings and even attacking adults.

A

True

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15
Q

The European starling is known to harass cavity nesting birds.

A

True

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16
Q

Which of the following generally migrate out of Minnesota each fall?
A. eastern bluebird and common crow
B. eastern bluebird, mallard duck, and common night hawk
C. eastern bluebird and great horned owl
D. all of the above

A

B

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17
Q

Which of the following species generally do not migrate:
A. tundra swan
B. American robin
C. hairy woodpecker
D. yellow-bellied sapsucker
E. spotted sandpiper

A

C

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18
Q

All of the following are species introduced to North America (exotics) except:
A. ring-necked pheasant
B. chukar
C. trumpeter swan
D. mute swan
e. rock dove (common pigeon)

A

C

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19
Q

Which of the following groups consists of small, active, brightly colored, insectivorous birds which gather in mixed flocks during migration:
A. sparrows
B. thrushes
C. warblers
D. flycatcher
E. wrens

A

C

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20
Q

When their breeding efforts are complete, the males of most duck species in the Northern Hemisphere molt from their brightly colored breeding plumage to a dull, cryptic plumage called their:
A. immature plumage
B. migration plumage
C. eclipse plumage
D. drab plumage

A

C

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21
Q

Ducks known to nest in tree cavities and man-made nest boxes (thereby forcing their young to jump several feet to the ground in order to reach water) include the:
A. wood duck
B. mallard
C. bufflehead
D. common merganser
E. blue winged teal
F. A, C, and D

A

F

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22
Q

Which of the following types of birds typically feed on the wing (in flight)?
A. woodpeckers and flickers
B. nighthawks
C. swifts and swallows
D. egrets and ibises
E. A, B, and C
F. B and C

A

F

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23
Q

House wrens aggressively protect their own nest cavities but do not invade other nest cavities in their own terrirtory.

A

False

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24
Q

The American Robin belongs to the same family as mockingbirds and brown thrashers.

A

False

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25
Q

What characteristic identifies American robins and eastern bluebirds as members of the thrush subfamily and is only apparent when they are juveniles?
A. prominent pin feathers
B. preference for crickets and worms
C. melodious song
D. spotted breast
E. outer white tail feathers

A

D

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26
Q

Which of the following characteristics enable woodpeckers to climb tree trunks?
A. strong claws
B. short legs
C. stiff tail feather
D. two toes pointing forward and two back
E. strong bills
F. A, B, C
G. A, B, C, and D
H. all of the above

A

G

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27
Q

The only hummingbird species that is commonly found in Minnesota is the ruby-throated hummingbird.

A

True

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28
Q

Hummingbirds, swifts and poorwills can enter a state of tupor in which body temperature may drop as much as 50 degrees F for several hours during the night or for days during extremely inclement weather.

A

True

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29
Q

Jays and crows are predatory during the spring and summer. Bird eggs and nestlings are among their preferred foods.

A

True

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30
Q

Which of the following lays its eggs in the nests of other species?
A. Brewer’s blackbird
B. brown-headed cowbird
C. bobolink
D. rose-breasted grosbeak
E. common grackle

A

B

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31
Q

Each of the following species usually nests in colonies/rookeries EXCEPT:
A. double-crested cormorant
B. great blue heron
C. great egret
D. blue jay
E. purple martin

A

D

32
Q

Some species of ducks, geese, swans, grebes, and pelicans molt synchronously - they change their feathers all at once over a 2 to 4 week period, rendering them flightless and more vunerable to predation during this time.

A

True

33
Q

Which of the following builds its nest on the ground?
A. killdeer
B. common nighthawk
C. mallard
D. all od the above

A

D

34
Q

A major cause of the decline in populations of neotropical migrants is the increasing rate of nest failure in fragmented forests due to:
A. parasitism by the brown-headed cowbird
B. predation by jays and crows
C. predation by feral cats
D. predation by raccoons
E. all of the above

A

E

35
Q

Which of the following is a true carnivore?
A. raccoon
B. deer
C. opossum
D. mink

A

D

36
Q

Newborn cottontail rabbits are blind, feeble and nearly devoid of hair.

A

True

37
Q

Which of the following mammals is NOT a rodent?
A. beaver
B. deer mouse
C. cottontail rabbit
D. flying squirrel

A

C

38
Q

The woodchuck, a member of the squirrel family, is able to climb trees.

A

True

39
Q

Young of woodchucks are precocial and thus capable of self-feeding shortly after birth.

A

False

40
Q

The muskrat is a large aquatic vole which has scent glands that produce a musky secretion.

A

True

41
Q

Gray squirrels are primarily gray on their backs and sides, but often with a brown cast - albinos are rare, but black individuals are common in some localities.

A

True

42
Q

Gray squirrels are true hibernators - during the winter they stay in their nest or dens and significantly reduce their body temperature.

A

False

43
Q

Gray squirrels build leaf nests. However, if given the option, they prefer to nest in tree cavities.

A

True

44
Q

Scolding and tail flicking are part of a complex of behavior patterns which gray squirrels use as threats and warnings.

A

True

45
Q

The red squirrel’s staple food is typically conifer seeds (spruce, fir, pine and cedar) which are commonly harvested and stored in caches.

A

True

46
Q

Flying squirrels have large eyes which are an asset to their nocturnal lifestyle.

A

True

47
Q

A raccoon has omnivorous and opportunistic food habits.

A

True

48
Q

The young of raccoons are altricial and thus entirely dependent on parental care at birth.

A

True

49
Q

Raccoons are true hibernators in the winter.

A

False

50
Q

Lagomorphs (rabbits, hares, pikas) and rodents (squirrels, gophers, beavers, porcupines, muskrats, woodchucks, rats, mice, voles, etc) have ever-growing incisors (front teeth).

A

True

51
Q

A femaile cottontail rabbit that is nursing young rabbits is called a :
A. doe
B. filly
C. cow

A

A

52
Q

Cottontail rabbits are classified as belonging to the order:
A. Rodentia
B. Lagomorpha
C. Carnivora

A

B

53
Q

Female cottontail rabbits remain on their nests with their young most of the day, only leaving long enough to eat.

A

False

54
Q

Which of the following mammals are true hibernators?
A. fox
B. gray squirrel
C. raccoon
D. woodchuck
E. cottontail rabbit

A

D

55
Q

The average life-span of a cottontail rabbit in the wild that survives infancy is 6 months to two years of age.

A

True

56
Q

Newborn snowshoe hares have their eyes open, are fully furred and able to walk or hop within one or two days.

A

True

57
Q

Snowshoe hares have markedly longer legs and larger feet than cottontails.

A

True

58
Q

Which of the following statements about opossums is FALSE?
A. usually live for over 8 years in the wild
B. newborns are blind and the size of honey bees
C. the young stay in the pouch for about 13 weeks
D. adults are omnivorous

A

A

59
Q

Opossum are known to play dead to avoid predation.

A

True

60
Q

Bats belong to the same taxonomic order as rodents.

A

False

61
Q

How do bat species in Minnesota cope with the winter?
A. they hibernate in caves
B. they hibernate in buildings (attics, barns, belfries, etc)
C. they migrate south to warmer climates
D. all of the above

A

D

62
Q

Most mustelids (marten, fisher, weasel, mink, wolverine) are active hunters and specialized for a meat diet.

A

True

63
Q

Striped skunks are active chiefly during the day.

A

False

64
Q

Young skunks with their eyes still closed don’t spray much, if at all.

A

False

65
Q

Coyotes live singly or associate in pairs or family groups-they do not hunt in packs as consistantly as wolves do.

A

True

66
Q

White-tailed bucks typically drop their antlers after the mating season which occurs in:
A. March to April
B. June to July
C. September to early October
D. late October to December

A

D

67
Q

Unlike reptiles (e.g. turtles, lizards, snakes), amphibians (e.g. frogs, toads, salamanders) have smooth, glandular skin which lacks scales, have clawless digits, and some can breathe through their skin and mucus membranes.

A

True

68
Q

Cold-blooded creatures (ectotherms) such as reptiles and amphibians can live for extended periods (days to months) without eating.

A

True

69
Q

Most snakes in Minnesota are poisonous.

A

False

70
Q

All venomous snakes have vertical (elliptical) pupils, facial pits and triangular heads.

A

False

71
Q

The painted turtle is one of the most common turtles found in Minnesota.

A

True

72
Q

Garter snakes can, and often do, expel a foul smelling fluid when alarmed.

A

True

73
Q

Under Minnesota’s Endangered Species Statute, a species threatened with extinction throughout all or a significant portion of it’s range in Minnesota would be listed as:
A. endangered
B. threatened
C. special concern
D. none of the above

A

A

74
Q

Over the past two centuries, loss of habitat has become the single most important factor threatening the survival of species.

A

True

75
Q

Species become endangered or threatened for a variety of complex reasons. The primary cause in Minnesota is:
A. habitat loss and habitat degradation
B. environmental contamination
C. species exploitation and species collection
D. unregulated hunting
E. all of the above

A

A

Wildlife Rehabilitation (7 decks)

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