Chapter 7: Making a Living Flashcards
Foraging
Reliance on natural resources.
> Small social groups
> Mobile Settlements
> Sharing
> Immediate food consumption
> Egalitarianism
Horticulture
Non intensive shift cultivation.
> Simple tools
> Mirroring botanical diversity of the environment
> Fallow period (not much happens)
> Can support large villages
Agriculture
Intensive cultivation
> Use domesticated animals
> Irrigation
> Terracing
> Labor and land intensive
> Cultivate the same plot yearly
Pastoralism
Focused on domesticated animals
> Protection and control of animals
> Use herds for food
> Live in symbiosis with the herd
> Nomadism and Transhumance
Nomadism
Entire groups move with the animals throughout the year
Transhumance
Part of the group moved with the herd
Economic Anthropology
Study of the economic systems of non-industrial societies
Economy
A system for production, distribution, and consumption of resources
Mode of Production
The varied ways that human beings collectively produce the means of subsistence in order to survive
Means of Production
Land, labor, technology, and capital
Economizing
Rational allocation of scarce means (resources) to alternative ends (uses)
K Polanyi~
3 principles of exchanges :
1. Market Principle
2. Redistribution
3. Reciprocity
Peasants
Small-scale agriculturalists who live in state organized societies and have rent fund obligations
- Market Principle
Buying, selling, valuation depends on supply and demand
- Redistribution
Goods go to the center then back out
