Chapter 6: Ethnicity and Race Flashcards
Ethnicity
Identification with an ethnic group
Ethnic groups
Members are related by shared beliefs, values, habits, customs, and norms
Status
Positions that people occupy in society
Ascribed Status
Little or no choice about occupying the status given
ex. minorities being considered less than in society
Achieved Status
Achieved through choices, actions, efforts, talents, or accomplishments, may be positive or negative
Racial Classification
Placement into discrete categories based on common ancestry
(rejected)
Phenotypic Traits
An organism’s evident traits.
(anatomy and physiology)
Melanin
A natural sunscreen produces by skin cells responsible for pigmentation
William Loomis~
Explains the role of UV radiation in stimulating vitamin D
Jablonski and Chaplin~
Looked at geographic distribution of skin color and the effects of UV on folate
Rule of Descent
Assigns social identity on the basis of ancestry
Hypodescent
Automatically places children of mixed marriages in the group of their minority parent
Nations
Society sharing a common language, religion, history, territory, ancestry, and kinship
States
Stratified society with formal, central government
Nation-state
Autonomous political entity
Assimilation
When a minority adopts the patterns and norms of the host culture
Plural Societies
Societies with economically interdependent ethnic groups
Frederik Barth~
Defined a Plural society as a society combining ethnic contrasts.
The ethnic boundaries are most stable and enduring when groups occupy different ecological niches
Multiculturalism
View of cultural diversity as valuable and worth maintaining in its own right
Prejudice
The devaluing of a group because of its assumed behavior, values, capabilities, or attributes
Stereotyping
Fixed ideas about what the members of a group are like
Discrimination
Policies and practices that harm a group and its members.
De facto - Practiced but not legally sanctioned
De jure - Part of the law
Genocide
Deliberate elimination of a group
Forced Assimilation
Dominant group forces an ethnic group to adopt the dominant culture
Ethnocide
Destruction of cultures of certain ethnic groups
Ethnic Expulstion
Removing groups who are culturally different from a country
Refugees
People who are forced or who have chosen to a flee a country
Cultural Colonialism
Internal domination by one group and its culture and ideology over others
