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Intro Plant Biology > Chapter 7 - Leaves > Flashcards

Chapter 7 - Leaves Flashcards

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1
Q

Leaves

A

Functions:

1) Photosynthesis: converting light into a chemical energy (sugar/glucose) sun+H2O+CO2
2) Transpiration: water loss back into atmosphere; cooling procedure (like sweating); moves more nutrients through the plant; water acts like wick, loss through top pulls woter up from the bottom via hydrogen bonds
3) Shading/physical cooling: keeps soil cool to reduce water loss under the trees

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2
Q

Petiole

A

“Stem” of the leaf; for attachment; transport (sugar/water); strength (holds leaf out to the sun)

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3
Q

Blade

A

Does the photosynthesis work

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4
Q

Margin

A

Edge of the blade: entire (smooth), serrated (teeth); lobes (deep cuts, can be smooth edged overall)

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5
Q

Simple leaf

A

Has one leaf blade; leaf attached directly to the stem

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6
Q

Compound leaf

A

More than one leaf blade. 2 main groups: Pinnately compound leaves, Palmately compound leaves

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7
Q

Pinnately compound

A
  • Usually have odd numbers of leaflets due to one on the end. Once central petiole with multiple leaflettes.
  • Trifoliate leaf: like poison ivy, has 3 leaves on one petiole
  • Bipinnately compound: Has 2 petioles, then leaflettes
  • Tripinnately compound: Has 3 petioles, then leaflets
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8
Q

Stomata

A

Openings on leaves to allow gas exchanges, controlled by guard cells. On dicots, are on lower epidermis; on monocots (corn, grass), are on both sides of leaves

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9
Q

Transpiration

A

water loss back into atmosphere; cooling procedure (like sweating); moves more nutrients through the plant; water acts like wick, loss through top pulls woter up from the bottom via hydrogen bonds

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10
Q

Palmately compound

A

One petiole, leaflets at end, all from some spot on petiole

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11
Q

Nodes

A

Area/region of stem where attachments form (leaves, other stems, flowers, etc.)

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12
Q

Internodes

A

Space between nodes where no attachments form

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13
Q

Alternate

A

Leaf arrangement on stem, one leaf per node

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14
Q

Opposite

A

Leaf arrangement on stem (usually 2 across from each other at same node)

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15
Q

Whorled

A

Leaf arrangement on stem (more than 2 leaves at same node, around the stem)

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16
Q

Pinnately veined

A

Veins spread like a map with branching

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17
Q

Midvein

A

a

18
Q

Midrib

A

a

19
Q

Palmately veined

A

Veins branch out from one point at end of petiole and fan out

20
Q

Palisade mesophyll

A
  • Leaf part, under the upper epidermis
  • Vertical parenchyma cells; synthesize sugar - main photosynthetic cells, contain chloroplasts; cytoplasmic streaming collects sunlight at top of the “skyscraper” and produce sugars at the bottom
21
Q

Spongy mesophyll

A
  • Leaf part, at bottom above the lower epidermis

* Parenchyma cells with intercellular space to facilitate gas exchange

22
Q

Veins

A
  • Leaf part, for transport
  • Composed of xylem and phloem
  • System like a road system (in dicots), or parallel (in monocots)
23
Q

Cutin

A

Waxy substance of the cuticle layer on the outside of leaves. Protects from water loss, insect damage, etc.

24
Q

Specialized leaves

A

Tendrils, spines, bulbs, floral tracts

25
Q

Glands

A

a

26
Q

Mesophyll

A

Inner parenchyma layers of a dicot leaf

27
Q

Tendrils

A

Modified leaves, for attachment, hold the plant up

28
Q

Spines

A

Modified leaves

29
Q

Thorns

A

Modified stems

30
Q

Prickles

A

Modified epidermis, not trichomes

31
Q

Bundle sheath

A

a

32
Q

Shade leaves

A

a

33
Q

Leaves of arid regions

A

a

34
Q

Hypodermis

A

a

35
Q

Leaves of aquatic areas

A

a

36
Q

Storage leaves

A

a

37
Q

Flower-pot leaves

A

a

38
Q

Window leaves

A

a

39
Q

Reproductive leaves

A

a

40
Q

Floral leaves (bracts)

A

a

41
Q

Autumnal leaf color change

A

a

42
Q

Abscission zone

A

Area that creates the leaf scar

Intro Plant Biology (10 decks)

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