CHAPTER 7: learning

Question 1

learning

Answer 1

the acquisition of new knowledge skills or responses from experience that results in a relatively permanent change in the state of the learner

Question 2

habituation

Answer 2

A general precess in which repeated or prolonged exposure to to a stimulus results in a gradual reduction in responding

Question 3

sensitization

Answer 3

a simple form of learning that occurs when presentation of a stimulus leads to an increased response to a later stimulus

Question 4

classical conditioning

Answer 4

a type of learning that occurs when a neutral stimulus produces a response after being paired with a stimulus that naturally produces a response

Question 5

unconditioned stimulus

Answer 5

something that reliably produces a naturally occurring reaction in an organism

Question 6

unconditioned response

Answer 6

a reflexive reaction that is reliably produced by an unconditioned stimulus

Question 7

conditioned stimulus

Answer 7

a previously neutral stimulus that produces a reliable response in an organism after being paired with and US

Question 8

conditioned response

Answer 8

a reaction that resembles an unconditioned response but is produced by a conditioned stimulus

Question 9

acquisition

Answer 9

the phase of classical conditioning when the CS and the US are presented together

Question 10

second order conditioning

Answer 10

conditioning in which a CS is paired with a stimulus that became associated with the US in an earlier procedure

Question 11

extinction

Answer 11

the gradual elimination of a learned response that occurs when the CS is repeatedly presented without the US

Question 12

spontaneous recovery

Answer 12

the tendency of a learned behavior to recover from extinction after a rest period

Question 13

generalization

Answer 13

the CR is observed even though the CS is slightly different from the CS used during acquisition

Question 14

discrimination

Answer 14

the capacity to distinguish between similar but distinct stimuli

Question 15

biological preparedness

Answer 15

a propensity for learning particular kinds of associations over others

Question 16

operant conditioning

Answer 16

a type of learning in which the consequences of an organisms behavior determine whether it will be repeated in the future

Question 17

law of effect

Answer 17

behaviors that are followed by a satisfying state of affairs tend to be repeated and those that produce an unpleasant state of of affairs are less likely to be repeated

Question 18

operant behavior

Answer 18

behavior that an organism produces that has some impact on the environment