CHAPTER 1 history and areas of study

Question 1

Psychiatrist

Answer 1

M.D./physician: diagnostics, prevention, treatment of mental disorders (can prescribe drugs)

Question 2

clinical psychologist

Answer 2

diagnosing and treating mental, emotional, and behavioral disorders (can not prescribe drugs)

Question 3

counseling psychology

Answer 3

facilitating personal and interpersonal functioning across the life span. Therapist kind of

Question 4

developmental psychology

Answer 4

change over time, study things like transitions (broadest psychological field of study)

Question 5

social psychology

Answer 5

influence of individuals on society and society on individuals

Question 6

cognitive psychology

Answer 6

study of mind and mental function: how people process information and think, memory, attention, perception, etc.

Question 7

neuropsychology/biopsychology

Answer 7

brain and nervous system (brain is not the same thing as the mind)

Question 8

evolutionary, behavior genetics, explanatory system phsych

Answer 8

everything that exists must be adaptive or it wouldn’t exist

Question 9

other types of psych

Answer 9

“business” industrial organizational psychology
human factor psychology (technology designs adaptable to human use)
school psychology/guidance

Question 10

who ran the first official psychology lab, and what was studied?

Answer 10

Wundt, 1879
studied consciousness, perception, etc.
structuralism

Question 11

structuralism

Answer 11

studying how we do something/ how things work by reductism, breaking things down to their smallest measurable units
Introspection*

Question 12

William James

Answer 12

functionalism

Question 13

functionalism

Answer 13

studying how we do something/how and why things work by leaving structure together because once you take it apart it is not the same

Question 14

Freud’s argument against functionalism

Answer 14

it is good but it doesn’t help relieve human suffering

Question 15

Freud’s theories

Answer 15

unconsciousness controls you

psychodynamic prospective: ice burg (most of it cannot be seen it is under the water)

Question 16

Pavlov, Watson

Answer 16

behaviorism, argued that science can only study what can be objectively observed

Question 17

behaviorism

Answer 17

a persons behavior is not a consequence of choice but rather a reaction to environmental stimuli: you are a product of your experience/environment

Question 18

When did clinical testing begin to rise and why?

Answer 18

WWI, WWII: IQ testing, counseling (PTSD)

Question 19

Skinner

Answer 19

behaviorist,
argued that people do what they are reinforced to do not punished
people need to be trained to be good citizens
NO FREE WILL

Question 20

Rogers and Maslow

Answer 20

Humanists (functionalism)

Question 21

Humanism

Answer 21

free will, we are all born with unique potential, goal of society is not to create good citizens but to help someone realize their unique human potential
focuses on personal growth and fulfillment of individuality

Question 22

What interest increased in the 1980’s

Answer 22

interest in how cultural factors influence behavior

Question 23

evolutionary psychology

Answer 23

(functionalism) natural selection favors behaviors that enhance an organisms reproductive success

Question 24

parental investment theory

Answer 24

energy that parents invest in their offspring at their own cost to improve they evolutionary potential and survival of their lineage