CHAPTER 1 history and areas of study Flashcards
Psychiatrist
M.D./physician: diagnostics, prevention, treatment of mental disorders (can prescribe drugs)
clinical psychologist
diagnosing and treating mental, emotional, and behavioral disorders (can not prescribe drugs)
counseling psychology
facilitating personal and interpersonal functioning across the life span. Therapist kind of
developmental psychology
change over time, study things like transitions (broadest psychological field of study)
social psychology
influence of individuals on society and society on individuals
cognitive psychology
study of mind and mental function: how people process information and think, memory, attention, perception, etc.
neuropsychology/biopsychology
brain and nervous system (brain is not the same thing as the mind)
evolutionary, behavior genetics, explanatory system phsych
everything that exists must be adaptive or it wouldn’t exist
other types of psych
“business” industrial organizational psychology
human factor psychology (technology designs adaptable to human use)
school psychology/guidance
who ran the first official psychology lab, and what was studied?
Wundt, 1879
studied consciousness, perception, etc.
structuralism
structuralism
studying how we do something/ how things work by reductism, breaking things down to their smallest measurable units
Introspection*
William James
functionalism
functionalism
studying how we do something/how and why things work by leaving structure together because once you take it apart it is not the same
Freud’s argument against functionalism
it is good but it doesn’t help relieve human suffering
Freud’s theories
unconsciousness controls you
psychodynamic prospective: ice burg (most of it cannot be seen it is under the water)
Pavlov, Watson
behaviorism, argued that science can only study what can be objectively observed
behaviorism
a persons behavior is not a consequence of choice but rather a reaction to environmental stimuli: you are a product of your experience/environment
When did clinical testing begin to rise and why?
WWI, WWII: IQ testing, counseling (PTSD)
Skinner
behaviorist,
argued that people do what they are reinforced to do not punished
people need to be trained to be good citizens
NO FREE WILL
Rogers and Maslow
Humanists (functionalism)
Humanism
free will, we are all born with unique potential, goal of society is not to create good citizens but to help someone realize their unique human potential
focuses on personal growth and fulfillment of individuality
What interest increased in the 1980’s
interest in how cultural factors influence behavior
evolutionary psychology
(functionalism) natural selection favors behaviors that enhance an organisms reproductive success
parental investment theory
energy that parents invest in their offspring at their own cost to improve they evolutionary potential and survival of their lineage
