Chapter 7 Keywords Flashcards
Rib cage
Semi rigid case within pressure can be lowered with respect to the air outside it
Diaphagm
Broad dome sheet of muscle that forms the floor of the thorax
Thorax
Lined by the pleural membranes that surround the lungs
Pleural membrane
Surround the lungs. The place between them is the pleural cavity which is usually filled with a thin layer of lubricating fluid so the membranes slide easy over each other as you breathe
Spirometer
Commonly used to measure diff aspects of the lung vol or investigate breathing patterns
Peak flow meter
Simple device that measures the rate air can be expelled from the lungs. People with asthma often use this to monitor how well their lungs are working. Useful and quick
Vitalographs
More suave peak flow meters
Breath out as quick as you can through a mouth piece and instrument makes a graph of the amount of air breathed out and how quick.
Aka the forced expiratory vol in one second
Tidal volume
Vol of air that moves into and out of the lungs with each resting breath
500cm3 in most adults at rest. Uses about 15% of vital capacity
Vital capacity
Vol of air that can be breathed in when the strongest exhalation is followed by the deepest poss intake of breath
Inspiratory reserve vol
Max vol of air you can breathe above and normal inhalation
Expiratory reserve vol
Extra vol you can force out of your lungs over and above the normal tidal volume of air you breathe out
Residual vol
Vol left in ur lungs when you have exhaled as strong as poss. Can’t be measured directly
Total lung capacity
Vital plus residual
Breathing rate
Number of breaths per minute
Ventilation rate
Total vol of air inhaled in one minuets
spiracles
small openings along the thorax and abdomen. air enters and leaves through here, but water is also lost.
open (when co2 build up and high o2 demand) and closed (when inactive) by spiracle sphincters that are kept closed as much as poss to minimise water loss
tracheae
largest tubes
carry air into the body and lined by spirals of chitin
little gas exchange happens in the tracheae
chitin
makes up the cuticle
relatively impermeable to gases so little gas exchange happens in the tracheae
tracheoles
each one is a single elongated cell with no chitin lining.
freely permeable to gases
small so spread throughout the tissue of the insect running in between individual cells
where most of the gas exchange occurs between air and respiring cells
lots of tiny ones so a large SA for gas ex
towards the end is tracheal fluid
tracheal fluid
fluid that limits the penetration of air for diffusion
gill lamellae
habe rich blood supply
large SA
main site of gas ex
gill plates
stacks of gill filaments
gill filamentes
occur in large stacks. need a flow of water to keep em apart, exposing the large SA needed for gas ex
afferent blood vessels
bring blood to the system
operculum
protective flap that covers gills
gill bony arch
supports the structure of the gills
efferent blood vessel
carries blood leaving the gills in the opp direction to incoming water maintaining steep con grad
