Chapter 7: Instruments Flashcards
T or F. The T38 HUD is a certified primary flight reference (PFR) and may be used as a standalone
reference for instrument flight.
True
General flow for solid instrument cross-check (4 steps) using control and performance concept
A. Establish an attitude and power setting on the control instruments
B. Trim until control pressures are neutralized
C. Cross-check performance instruments
D. Adjust attitude and power setting and restart cycle
Pitch picture for once airborne for an Instrument Takeoff
7 degrees nose high on the bore sight cross
Normal power setting for climb schedule for instrument and navigation departures
Restricted MIL power climb schedule
Recommended level off technique with “low or moderate climb or descent rates”
Begin the level off at 10 percent of the vertical velocity reading
Recommended level off technique with “vertical velocity greater than 6000 fpm”
Reduce the pitch attitude by one-half at 2,000 ft prior to level-off, and then use the 10% concept
Arc and radial intercept techniques are based on making a ____ degree turn, using ____ degrees of bank in ____ conditions.
90, 30, no-wind
Two techniques for calculating turn radius lead points for the T-38 in miles
A. Higher airspeeds (greater than 300 KCAS): Mach number - 2
B. Slower airspeeds: 1% Groundspeed
To adjust for less than 90 degrees of turn for a arc/radial intercepts, what are the correction factors
for 60, 45, and 30 degrees of turn?
A. 60: 1/2
B. 45: 1/3
C. 30: 1/6
What airspeed and configuration are vertical “S” maneuvers flown at?
A. Various
B. Normally, use a vertical velocity of 1000 to 2000 fpm and a 1000 ft altitude block
How can you calculate expected vertical velocity change per 1 degree of pitch change at various
airspeeds?
IMN * 1000 = VVI change for a 1 degree pitch change
What airspeed and bank angle are steep turns flown at?
A. Various airspeeds
B. 45 to 60 degrees of bank
T or F. In the T-38, the EHSI makes lead points for rollout negligible, usually less than 5 degrees.
True
Airspeed and power setting for instrument aileron roll.
Minimum of 300 KCAS and 85% RPM
Is it legal to proceed direct to a radial/DME fix using the old school fix-to-fix procedure?
No… proceeding direct to a radial/DME fix is not a basic requirement to operate in the NAS
not does it comply with FAA accepted practices and procedures
T or F. When proceeding direct to a fix with EGI, approaching the fix, EGI can be used as the
secondary navigation source using the ground track (GT) pointer centered on the EGI pointer to
proceed direct.
True
What does WHOLDS stand for?
W - weather (get ATIS and check against approach/pilot weather mins)
H - holding or heading and attitude systems
O - obtain clearance for the approach
L - letdown plate review / lost comm (coordinate if required)
D - descent check
S - speeds; calculate final approach speed
When should you slow down prior to holding?
ATC expects you to slow to holding speed no earlier than 3 minutes prior to the holding fix
251 technique for when to begin reducing speed prior to a holding fix
5-10 miles
Approximately ___ RPM will hold 250-265 KCAS in level flight
88-90%
251 technique for no-wind starting point for holding
360 divided by DME equals the number of radials displacement desired at the outbound DME
Enroute descent: mathematical gradient technique
Altitude to lose (in thousands) divided by the distance to travel (in NM) equals the number of
degrees of pitch change
Enroute descent calculation: visualizing the descent technique
A. Designate the 10-degree nose-low line on the EADI as the distance to travel
B. Then visually determine where the altitude-to-lose (thousands of ft) falls between the level
flight line and the 10-degrees dive line
During the initial portion of a high altitude descent - or if the potential for icing exists - consider
power settings of at least ____.
80% RPM
Enroute descent: 200-250 feet/nm descent pitch/power
2 to 2.5 degrees, 20 to 25 percent nozzles, clean
Enroute descent: 300 ft/nm descent pitch/power
3 degrees, 30 percent nozzles, clean
Enroute descent: 500 ft/nm pitch power
80%, 5 degrees NL
Enroute descent: 700 ft/nm pitch power
Idle, 7 degrees NL
Enroute descent: 1000 ft/nm pitch power
80%, 10 degrees NL, boards
Enroute descent: 1300 ft/nm pitch power
IDLE, 13 degrees NL, boards
Penetrations are normally flown at ___ KCAS. Can you fly them at other speeds? Why?
A. 300
B. You may fly the penetration at a slower speed - or slow down early - if factors like a relatively short penetration or a low-DME arc make it smarter to do so
When intercepting final for a precision approach, you should be slowed to ___ to ___ KCAS no later than _____ or approximately ____ to ____ NM from touchdown. ____ to ____ RPM will hold these airspeeds.
240 to 260 KCAS, dogleg to final, 10 to 15 NM, 85 to 87 percent
On an ILS, what two things should you do no later than commencing the turn to final
A. Select ILS as the PNS
B. See the published front course
(ILS) If established on a dogleg to final within ____ degrees of the final course, starting the turn to final as the CDI begins to move should allow a comfortable intercept without overshooting final.
30
Configure the aircraft approximately __ to ___ NM prior to the FAF
2 to 5
Prior to the FAF, power settings between __ and __percent RPM will hold final approach airspeed in level flight with gear and full flaps
93 to 95
Prior to the FAF, power settings between __ and __ percent RPM will hold final approach airspeed in level flight with gear and 60% flaps
90 to 91
At final approach speeds, you are traveling at approximately ___ to ___ NM/min so a 3 degree pitch change will produce a vertical velocity of about ___ to ___ fpm
2.5 to 3
750 to 900
On a PAR, when does the precision final approach officially begin? (2 things)
A. Within range of the precision radar
B. Contact is established with the final controller
On a PAR, bank angles of ___ degrees or less are sufficient for small, controlled heading changes. If called “below” or “above” glide path, use pitch corrections of ____ on the EADI with corresponding ___ RPM changes
5, 1, 1
On a PAR, if called “well-above” or “well-below” glide path, use pitch corrections up to ___ with corresponding ____ power changes.
2, 2-3
