Chapter 4: Traffic Patterns and Landings Flashcards
What is the primary point of reference for all patterns?
The runway
When you have a strong headwind on initial, what should you do in regards to your break point and perch point?
Delay your break turn and initiate your perch earlier than normal
When performing a straight in, when do airspeed do you normally slow down to on base?
240 kts
During a normal straight in, prior to being established on final, what airspeed should you not slow down to?
Prior to being established on final, avoid slowing down to less than the final approach airspeed
What is the break zone?
Approach end to 3,000 ft down the runway
What are the spacing limits for initiating the break with another aircraft in the pattern?
Do not break until 45 degrees off from the preceding aircraft to ensure 3,000 ft spacing
or
Do not break until abeam the preceding aircraft to ensure 6,000 ft spacing
If you need a tight displacement on closed downwind after the break, what can you do?
Put your throttles in MIL power and use AOA and G to reduce airspeed
When initiating your break turn, what airspeed should you attain by roll-out?
Slow to or below 240 kts but no slower than final turn airspeed
What is the minimum airspeed to pull closed?
240 kts
What is the minimum airspeed during a closed pull up?
Maintain a minimum of 200 KCAS until wings-level on downwind
What is the no-wind spacing for closed downwind?
1 to 1.3 miles for a 1,500’ AGL traffic pattern
How much crab should you use on closed downwind vs initial?
Generally, use twice as much crab on closed downwind as you used on initial
What is one way to check your displacement to the runway?
Set the EOR as the EGI steer point, and when abeam the EOR, the EGI will tell you your displacement
When should you be configured on closed downwind?
Configure no later than abeam the touchdown point
What is the desired rollout point after the final turn?
300 to 390’ AGL and 1 to 1.3 NM from the threshold
When should you begin your final turn?
When abeam the no-wind rollout point
During the final turn, what should your AOA be and when are you allowed to slow down to final approach airspeed?
AOA should be approx 0.6
Do not slow down to final approach airspeed until initiating the rollout onto final
What is the visual reference for the final turn (Flaps 60-100)?
2/3 Ground, 1/3 Sky
The top corner of the HUD should approximate be on the horizon
During the final tun, what should the vertical velocity approximately be?
Double the pattern altitude… so for 1,800’ AGL pattern altitude, the IVV should approximately be 3,600
As a technique, when should you consider the final turn made?
When <30 degrees of stabilized bank is required
<0.6 AOA is required
Within 30 degrees of alignment to the runway
What should your IVV be when established on final after the final turn?
Approx 700 to 900 fpm
AOB used in the final turn?
45 degrees
When you set the aimpoint, what should it look like on the HUD?
The FPM should be on the aimpoint with the pitch scale indicating 2.5 to 3 degrees nose-low
With the HUD off, where should the aimpoint be approximately?
On the top of the HUD combining glass
As a technique, if you flew a HUD on landing prior, visualize where the FPM was previously and set the aimpoint there
With gust winds, what airspeeds do you increase?
Increase the final approach and landing speed by one-half of the gust factor.
With a 3degree glidepath, what is your altitude in AGL when 1NM from the threshold
300’ AGL
As a technique, where should you crack your power for landing?
Approx 1,000’ from the desired aimpoint. Crack your power back ~1in
As a technique, where should you shift your aimpoint for landing?
Approx 500-750 from the threshold, use backstick pressure to move the FPM 100-200ft beyond the threshold
As a technique, when should you set your power to idle for landing?
Approx 300-500’ from the threshold
As a technique, when should you being your flare for landing?
When you are approaching the ground, apply backtick pressure to put the FPM to level flight to arrest your descent
At what airspeed should you cross the threshold?
5 to 10 knots below final approach speed
With a strong headwind, what should you use caution around during the Crack-Shift-Idle-Flare phase?
Use caution when reducing power to idle, as an excessive sink rate may develop
What is the pitch attitude for an aerobrake?
10-12 degrees nose high
When do you let the nose drop down to the runway when aerobraking?
When approaching 100 KCAS
How do you calculate approximate normal landing distance?
2500 + fuel + touchdown point distance
Ex) 1200 lbs of fuel with a 500 ft touchdown point
2500+1200+500 = 4200’ required
During the landing roll, how long should you keep the stick full aft and why?
Until approx 50 KCAS, to maximize aerodynamic deceleration
What is a technique to ensure you are slow enough to exit the runway?
Use 3x the runway distance remaining to estimate if appropriate braking has been used
What is the general procedure for a touch-n-go?
At touchdown, advance the power to MIL (or max if required) and smoothly drop the nose just slightly below takeoff attitude to let the aircraft fly back off the runway
When the crosswind component exceeds 15 knots, what should you plan to do in terms of landing?
Plan to touch down on the upwind side of the runway
When should you avoid aerobraking?
When the crosswind component exceeds 15 kntos
Crosswind landing procedures may increase the landing distance by approximately how much?
50%
What is the minimum airspeed during a go-around?
Attain a minimum of final approach airspeed during a go-around
Is MIL required during a Go-Around from the final turn?
No, it is not always required
How do you execute a Go-Around from the final turn?
Maintain a minimum of final turn airspeed and climb or descend as required, then retract the gear and flaps only after attaining a safe flying airspeed
What airspeed must you maintain during a go-around?
240 to 300 KCAS
How do you break out from the final turn?
Never break out from the final turn
What should you consider doing with your flaps when going around from an overshotting, no-flap final turn?
Consider lowering flaps to 60%
What must your ensure after practice alternate gear extensions?
- Ensure that the alternate release handle is fully stowed
2. Then reset the anding gear system by moving the landing gear handle down, then up, then back down
Without intercom, how does the rear cockpit pilot signal for na alternate gear release?
Dropping the gear handle
With a known or suspected airspeed indicator malfunction, what do you do?
Ensure pitot heat is on and establish a known power setting or fuel flow for your desired cruise
What is the no-flap no-wind spacing?
1.5 miles for a 1,500 ft AGL traffic pattern
What is a technique for adjusting no-flap overhead displacement based on winds?
Move the spacing reference 0.1NM for every 10 knots of crosswind
Where should your FPM be for a no-flap 1500 ft AGL pattern in the final turn?
4 to 6 degrees nose low
During a Sim Single-Engine landing, what power setting is the simulated failed engine at?
Not less than 60% rpm
How do you execute a touch-n-go from a single-eninge landing?
Use both engines for the takeoff following a simulated single engine touch and go
Do you place both or only the good engine to idle during a single-engine landing?
Both
What must you do if you have to do an unplanned go-around during a single-engine landing?
Use both engines if a go-around is required for any reason other than a planned single-engine go-around practice
How much longer is a simulated single-engine landing?
Approximately 500 ft longer
When flying a no-flap, what must you consider when using backstick pressure and why?
Due to not having the flap/slab interconnect, more aft stick travel is required to arrest your sink rate than normal
If you begin your final turn with no flaps at the same position as a normal flap pattern, what would happen?
Since you are wider, you would have a late perch
How do you fly a single-engine go-around from an overhead pattern?
Fly the final turn portion of the overhead pattern with 60% flaps or full flaps, using both engines until rolling out on final. Once on final, simulate that engine failure and then apply the boldface to go around.
What do you do after initiating a simulated single engine go around?
On the go, advance the simulated inoperative engine to MIL power, then come out of afterburner on the other engine.
When do you take out rudder during a single-engine landing?
Once established on a 2.5 to 3 degree glidepath, take out the rudder input and accept mildly uncoordinated flight as to not induce a rolling moment
