Chapter 6 (B) - Basic Formation Flashcards
An FCP position abeam the slab bolt provides approximately __ ft wingtip separation
3
FCP reference for fingertip line
FCP looking down the leading edge of lead’s wing
Maximum G and bank, and airspeed range for wingwork exervise
3Gs and 90 degrees of bank
Airspeed range: approximately 200-400 KCAS
Spacing for route position
2 ship widths out to approximately 500 feet
Line for route position
No further aft than fingertip line, no further forward than line abreast
Stack for route position
Stack level when wings level
On the inside of a turn stack slightly below leads POM only as necesary to keep lead in sight
On the outside of a turn, maintain the same vertical references used in echelon
Maximum bank angle with wingman in route
60 degrees
During a climb in route, what should the stack be for wingman?
Strive to stack slightly high signaling to lead that the wingman has more power available
Chase position requirements
30 to 60 degree cone out to 1000 feet
Airspeed for echelon turns
Echelon turns can be flown at a variety of airspeeds. A common technique as lead is to initiate echelon turns between 300 and 350 KCAS and to minimize throttle movements during the turn in order to give the wingmen a more stable platform to follow
In an echelon turn, plan to limit bank to ___.
60 degrees maximum
Stack reference for echelon turn
One established in a turn, the horizon should split lead’s lower intake
In four ship formation, what happens when lead signals a wingdip towards #2?
Crossunder for #3 and #4. #3 begins smoothly dropping down and aft in a normal crossunder and establishes nose tail separation off #2. As #3 begins the crossunder, #4 performs a crossunder on #3, normally crossing #3’s 6 o’clock as #3 crosses behind lead. #4 anticipates LOS rates and power changes to avoid falling aft.
In four ship formation, what happens when lead signals a wingdip towards #3?
Crossunder for #2. #3 should move out of the way to create space for #2.
What happens when lead signals a wing dip away from a 4-ship formation in echelon?
Directs the entire formation to change sides. Ideally, as #2 begins the crossunder, all wingmen move together and should be in a straight line off lead at the 6 o’clock position.
Airspeed for a pitchout
300 KCAS unless briefed or directed otherwise
What is the purpose of a pitchout
To provide spacing for a rejoin or follow-on maneuvering
How long will wingman delay after lead executes the pitchout?
5 seconds (or as briefed)
A 5 second delay provides approximately ___ spacing for a pitchout.
1 NM
Three ways to create spacing during “take spacing”
Wingman maneuvers
Wingman deceleration
Lead acceleration
Lead will acknowledge the wingman’s “practice lost wingman” radio call by transmitting ____, ____, ____, ___ and other parameters as required.
Attitude, altitude, heading, airspeed
Chairfly practice lost wingman comm example: (callsign - Bully 01 and 02)
Bully 01: “Bully 2, Go practice lost wingman”
Bully 02: “2”. “Bully 2 is practice lost wingman”
Bully 01: “Bully 1, wings level, 18000, heading 350, 300 knots”
Bully 02: “2”, “Bully 2, visual”
For standard turning rejoin from basic formation positions (other than tactical), what airspeed and bank angle should be maintianed by lead?
300 KCAS, 30 degrees of bank
Standard tactical turning rejoin airspeed and bank angle
350 KCAS, 45 degrees of bank
For a straight ahead rejoin, when initiating the maneuver from behind lead, using power for closure, ____ knots of overtake is usually adequate when starting from ____ spacing
50 knots
1 nm in trail
For a straight ahead rejoin, when initiating the maneuver from behind lead, approaching ____ feet, modulate power to arrive at ___ feet with approximately ___ to ___ knots of overtake
2000’
2000’ with 20-30
At 2000’ lead’s wingspan is approximately ___ mils. What is the visual reference for this amount of mils?
13, the width of the boresight/gun cross
Visual reference for 1500’ trail spacing
The figure eight design of the two tailpipes is visible, but two seperate engines are not distinguishable
For 3 and 4 ship rejoins, maintain a minimum of ____ ft spacing from the preceding aircraft until that aircraft has stabilized in route. Rejoining aircraft will cross below the preceding aircraft’s jet wash with a minimum of _____.
500 ft
Nose tail clearance
Initial actions for #2 in a turning rejoin to #2 (inside of turn)
- Begin a turn in the same direction as lead to create lead pursuit
- Simultaneously establish
- vertical seperation
- establish ~30 knots of airspeed overtake
- adjust lead and lag pursuit to maintain moderate
aspect angle
During a turning rejoin, wingmen should establish and maintain about ___ ft of vertical separation below lead’s POM until stabilized in route formation.
50
Technique for determining 50 ft vertical separation below lead’s POM in a TRJ
Use the length of lead’s jet above the horizon
How much airspeed overtake should be used for low, medium, and high aspect rejoins respectively when within 3000 ft of lead
Low - less than 50 knots
Medium - less than 30 knots
High - less than 10 knots
When are the four times you should execute a breakout
- Directed by lead
- Unable to maintain sight of lead
- Unable to rejoin or remain in formation without crossing under or in front of lead
- Any time your presence constitutes a hazard to the formation
How is close trail initiated?
Lead initiates close trail with a radio call from fingertip, echelon, or route
G limits for close trail
Maintain a minimum of 1 G at all times. Use no more than 4 Gs for close trail.
What is one noteworthy limitation about the maneuvers that can be performed in close trail
Over-the-top maneuvering in close trail is not permitted
What is the proper position for close trail
1 to 2 ship lengths behind lead
Just below lead’s jet wash
What is the visual reference for the correct vertical position in close trail
You should see space between the forward edge of lead’s horizontal stabilator and the trailing edge of lead’s wing. To prevent encountering jet wash, never fly higher than a position where that space disappears.
What is the visual reference for the correct fore/aft separation in close trail
Use the relationship beween the tips of lead’s horizontal stabilator and the ailerons.
1 Ship Length: Stab tips are lined up with outer 2/3 of ailerons
2 Ship Length: Stab tips are lined up with the mid-point of the ailerons
What is the definition of the fighting wing
30 to 45 degree cone
500 to 1500 ft aft
How can you approximate the forward limit (45 AA) of the fighting wing cone?
Aligning lead’s wingtip with the middle of the aft canopy
Apparent length is 30% longer than apparent wingspan
How can you approximate the aft limit (30 AA) of the fighting wing cone?
Aligning lead’s wingtip with the nose of the aircraft
Apparent length equals apparent wingspan
References for measuring 500 ft range
You should easily read lead’s tail number
References for measuring 1000 ft range
You should easily see, but not be able to read, lead’s tail number
And you should be able to discern two separate tail pipes
Can lead fly aerobatic maneuvers with the wingman in fighting wing?
No? I guess ET is something else.
