Chapter 7 info Flashcards
What do all cells have?
- nucleic acids (information)
- proteins (most cell functions)
- carbs (chemical E, carbon, support, and identity
- plasma membrane (selectively permeable barrier)
- lipids (storing energy)
what do all living things do?
- maintain homeostasis
- reproduction
- react and respond (sensitivity)
- growth
- metabolize
- movement
- excretion
- nutrition
what are prokaryotic cells?
bacteria and archaea
what are eukaryotic cells?
animals and plants
parts of a prokaryotic cell
- nucleoid
- plasmids
- ribosomes
- plasma membrane
- cell wall
- Flagella
- fimbriae
function of a nucleiod
singular circular chromosome; DNA (no membrane)
functions of Ribosomes
protein manufacturing:
- internal membranes for photosynthesis
- organelles -> storage sacs
- cytoskeleton -> protein filaments
what makes up a plasma membrane
made of a phospholipid bilayer
function of cell wall
protects the whole cell
what are the two other external structures in prokaryotes
flagella and fimbriae
how many chromosomes are in prokaryotic cells?
one chromosome -> haploid
- gene gets directly passed to the offspring because there is only one
prokaryote size
0.0005 mm
name eukaryotic cell parts
- ribosomes
- mitochondria
- nucleus
- golgi apparatus
- lysosomes
- vacuoles
- peroxisomes
- chloroplasts
- plasma membrane
- cell wall
- endoplasmic reticulum (smooth and rough)
mitochondria function
provides energy (ATP) for the rest of the cell to function
cytoskeleton function
provides structure of the cell and organizes components for movement
nucleus function
information storage and transmission
- has a double membrane
Golgi apparatus function
protein, lipid, and carb processing
lysosome function
digestion and recycling
vacuoles function
storage, digestion, and recycling
peroxisomes function
oxidation of fatty acids, ethanol, and other compounds
chloroplasts function
production of sugars via photosynthesis (only found in plant cells)
plasma membrane function
selectively permeable; maintains intracellular environment
cell wall function
protection and structural support of the cell
endoplasmic reticulum (smooth) function
lipid synthesis and processing
endoplasmic reticulum (rough) function
protein synthesis and processing
What does surface area have a role in?
temperature
Characteristics of animal cells
- circular shape, fat membrane, more flexible
- have the ability to engulf bacteria and turn them into white blood cells
- lysosomes are present in animal cells
- no cell wall
- spindle fibers in the centrioles for mitosis and meiosis are present in animal cells
Plant Cell Characteristics
- like hypotonic solutions
- cell walls are present (made with cellulose)
vacuoles are present -> membrane bound sacs - chloroplasts are present (helps with photosynthesis)
- chlorophyll are inside the chloroplasts
