Chapter 5 - Carbohydrates Flashcards
What are examples of simple carbs
sugars and monosaccarides
what are examples of complex carbs?
fibres
what elements are carbs typically made of
carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen
- ratio is 1:2:1
what does the organization of atoms and carbonyl/hydroxyl groups impact
structure and function
how do monosaccarides change?
changes depending on the number of carbon, location of the carbon molecule, and the -OH arrangement
how do ring structures link together ?
through condensation reactions
what is a aldose?
carbonyl groups at the end of a carbon chain
what is a ketose?
carbonyl group within the carbon chain
Characteristics of a monosaccarides
reactive, hydrophilic, and polar
explain glycosidic linkage
bonds between carbohydrates -> covalent
what is a disaccharide?
carbohydrates consisting of two monosaccarides
outline the carbohydrate functions
structural support:
- cellulose found in fiber = important to structural support
Identity: acts as an identification badge on the plasma membrane which displays info to identify
Energy Storage: short term energy storage
- involved in cellular respiration
what is the photosynthesis reaction equation?
CO2+H2O+sunlight –> (CH2O)n+O2
what is amylase?
enzyme that breaks down starch
What is cellular respiration
the process by which cells convert chemical energy from food (like glucose) into a usable form of energy called ATP by breaking down glucose molecules with the help of oxygen, producing carbon dioxide and water as byproducts.
What is the equation for cellular respiration?
(CH2O)n +O2 +ADP + Pi = CO2 +H2O + ATP
What is starch used for?
energy storage in plants
- chemical structure is an alpha glucose
- 3D structure: amylose and amylopectin
What is the function of glycogen
used for storage in animal cells
- chemical structure: three alpha glucose
-3D structure: highly branched helices
what is the function of cellulose?
used for structural support in cell walls of plants and many algae
- chemical structure: 3 glucose with glycosidic hydrogen bonds
- 3D structure: parallel strands joined by H bonds
what is the function of chitin
used for structural support in cell walls of fungi
- Chemical structure: 2 beta NAG bonded with glycosidic bonds
-3D Structure: parallel strands joined by hydrogen bonds
what is the function of Peptidoglycan
used for structural support in bacteria cell walls
- chemical structure: a chain of four amino acids that are bonded by peptide bonds
- 3D structure: parallel strands joined by peptide bonds
