Chapter 5 - Carbohydrates Flashcards

1
Q

What are examples of simple carbs

A

sugars and monosaccarides

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2
Q

what are examples of complex carbs?

A

fibres

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3
Q

what elements are carbs typically made of

A

carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen
- ratio is 1:2:1

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4
Q

what does the organization of atoms and carbonyl/hydroxyl groups impact

A

structure and function

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5
Q

how do monosaccarides change?

A

changes depending on the number of carbon, location of the carbon molecule, and the -OH arrangement

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6
Q

how do ring structures link together ?

A

through condensation reactions

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7
Q

what is a aldose?

A

carbonyl groups at the end of a carbon chain

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8
Q

what is a ketose?

A

carbonyl group within the carbon chain

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9
Q

Characteristics of a monosaccarides

A

reactive, hydrophilic, and polar

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10
Q

explain glycosidic linkage

A

bonds between carbohydrates -> covalent

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11
Q

what is a disaccharide?

A

carbohydrates consisting of two monosaccarides

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12
Q

outline the carbohydrate functions

A

structural support:
- cellulose found in fiber = important to structural support

Identity: acts as an identification badge on the plasma membrane which displays info to identify

Energy Storage: short term energy storage
- involved in cellular respiration

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13
Q

what is the photosynthesis reaction equation?

A

CO2+H2O+sunlight –> (CH2O)n+O2

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14
Q

what is amylase?

A

enzyme that breaks down starch

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15
Q

What is cellular respiration

A

the process by which cells convert chemical energy from food (like glucose) into a usable form of energy called ATP by breaking down glucose molecules with the help of oxygen, producing carbon dioxide and water as byproducts.

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16
Q

What is the equation for cellular respiration?

A

(CH2O)n +O2 +ADP + Pi = CO2 +H2O + ATP

17
Q

What is starch used for?

A

energy storage in plants
- chemical structure is an alpha glucose
- 3D structure: amylose and amylopectin

18
Q

What is the function of glycogen

A

used for storage in animal cells
- chemical structure: three alpha glucose
-3D structure: highly branched helices

19
Q

what is the function of cellulose?

A

used for structural support in cell walls of plants and many algae
- chemical structure: 3 glucose with glycosidic hydrogen bonds
- 3D structure: parallel strands joined by H bonds

20
Q

what is the function of chitin

A

used for structural support in cell walls of fungi
- Chemical structure: 2 beta NAG bonded with glycosidic bonds
-3D Structure: parallel strands joined by hydrogen bonds

21
Q

what is the function of Peptidoglycan

A

used for structural support in bacteria cell walls
- chemical structure: a chain of four amino acids that are bonded by peptide bonds
- 3D structure: parallel strands joined by peptide bonds