Chapter 7 History - Part I Flashcards
1
Q
The YouthQuake
A
- Canadians beginning to accept teen culture, more than half pop.
- North America under 25 years old. Powerful culture “youthquake” protested in NA and WE, joined by feminists, environmentalists and Aboriginals.
- Transition began w/ “British invasion” of pop culture by Beatles, 4 men from Liverpool.
- Boys’ hair longer, girls’ skirts shorter, start of hippies.
2
Q
Young Culture in Canada
A
- Young embraced rock, new clothing styles, sexual promiscuity, experimentation w/ drugs as protest on mainstream.
- Slogans “make love, not war” and “turn on, tune in, drop out” participated in international cultural trends as counterculture.
- Young had stronger political beliefs and rejected consumerism in hope world would change for better.
3
Q
A
- Many involved in women’s, environmental and Aboriginal rights, others demonstrated to support student participation in university affairs.
- Many protested war in Vietnam by demonstrating outside American embassy and Parliament in Ottawa to persuade Canadian leaders to stay against war.
- Estimated 40,000 Americans between 1965 and 1975. coming to Canada to avoid Vietnam.
4
Q
A
- Protest songs condemned racism, war and pollution. Protest singers like Bob Dylan and Saskatchewan native Joni Mitchell popular.
- Rock groups like Beatles, Rolling Stones and Canadian band The Guess Who (“American Woman,” “Share the Land”) grew.
- Aboriginal singer Buffy Sainte-Marie and African-American singers like Marvin Gaye protested their social conditions.
5
Q
A
- Canadians boosted from CRTC in 1971 from new rules stating 25% of radio needed Canadian music.
- Difficult to play Canadian music before unless artist popular.
- Youthquake showed political awareness, politicians appealing to them by increasing spending on employment/activity for youth.
- Voting age for federal elections lowered from 21 to 18, provinces lowered voting age at same time.
6
Q
A
- Political protests popular in 1960’s, Woodstock (music festival in 1969) protested against establishment. Rhino Party growing out of protests.
- Rhino candidates made ridiculous promises like moving capital from Ottawa to Moose Jaw, Saskatchewan or making Swedish Canada’s official language.
- Rhino criticized politics despite comedy, using publicity to mock system and not one party or politician.
7
Q
A
- Post-war society expected women to housekeep, women feeling isolated in suburbs w/ limited careers.
- Working women held low-paying jobs like waitressing, hairdressing, secretarial work and retail.
- Employers legally discriminated through wages and benefits, university-educated women worked either teachers or nurses.
8
Q
A
- In 1963, Betty Friedan’s book “The Feminine Mystique” became best-seller, arguing women trapped by roles reinforced by media.
- Friedan urged liberation and self-fulfil by acquiring education and pursuing careers, ideas transforming women during period.
- Feminists joined to fight for women. PM Lester Pearson responded to women’s groups by setting up Royal Commission on Status of Women.
9
Q
A
- Royal Commission on Status of Women recommended that women have right to work outside home.
- Daycare services be provided since society and parents should be responsible for children.
- Commission recommended women receive paid maternity from jobs and federal govt help stop discrimination against women.
10
Q
A
- Women’s groups formed National Action Committee on status of Women (NAC) in 1971
- Pressure group lobbying federal and provincial govts to act on Commission’s regulations.
- NAC’s victory included clause guaranteeing equality of women in Canada’s Charter of Rights and Freedoms, coming into force in 1982.
- Feminists demanded women promoted in govt, business, education and civil service.
11
Q
A
- Feminists against stereotyping women and work they did, advocating changes to education under which girls discouraged to excel in math and sciences.
- Women became engineers, doctors, politicians and company presidents.
- “Sexism”, “make chauvinism” and “sexual harassment” common terms to describe behavior and attitudes no longer acceptable.
12
Q
A
- Present environmental challenges had roots in the 1950’s-60’s. North Americans not aware of extent of environmental damage until 1962.
- American scientist Rachel Carson published popular book “Silent Spring”, warning pollution of air, water and soil threatening earth life.
- She criticized chemical industry for producing toxic pesticides like DDT (contact poison) and claiming safety.
13
Q
A
- Farmers pumped weedkiller and chemical fertilizers into soil and indirectly into groundwater.
- Homeowners used insecticide DDT around houses and yards, “pollution” not common term until late 1960’s.
- Business and govts resisted limits to pollution but public concern over environment rose, environmental groups established to lobby govts.
- Environmental legislation changed over time.
14
Q
A
- Greenpeace created in 1970 by small group of activists in BC for awareness of environment.
- Greenpeace seeks to protect biodiversity, prevent pollution of Earth, end nuclear threats and promote peace/global disarmament.
15
Q
A
- Groups fought for civil liberties in Canada during the 1930’s-40’s, but activism increased in 1960’s.
- Organizations formed during 60’s include Canadian Civil Liberties Association and National Indian Brotherhood.
- Canadian chapters of HRW and Amnesty International started as well.
- Diefenbaker’s govt introduced Bill of Rights in 1960 to protect human rights.
