Chapter 7: Hazards of Aviation (PP ch 16) Flashcards
G forces Direction
Axises are inverted from normal axis
G force Dependence (4)
- Duration
- On set rate
- Magnitude
- Direction
G Force Factors (8)
- Smoking
- Alcohol
- Obesity / Health
- Stress
- Fatigue
- Hyperventilation
- Hypotension
- Hypoglycemia
G Force Resilience Factors (3)
- G suit
- Tense lower muscles
- Lie on back
Gz+ Effects (4 levels)
2g: heavier, higher hydrostatic P variation (Blood -> feet)
3 - 4g: organs move downwards
3.5g+: rods not enough blood -> grey-out, tunnel vision
5g+: blackout (vision), G-LOC (g loss of conciousness)
Gz- Effects (4 levels)
- 2g+: respiratory difficultes
- 2g to -3g: headaches, nosebleeds, eyelids forced up
- 3g to -5g: blood vessel burst -> red eye, disoriented
- 5g-: eyeballs burst, death
G Force Tolerance
t > 1s
+ 3.5g no aid
+ 7 - 8g with aid
10s > t > 1s
- 3g
t < 1s
+ 25gz
+ 45gx
Stroboscopic Effect Source (2) / Solutions (4)
- Sun on propeller
- Strobe in clouds
5 - 20 Hz worse range -> can cause epilepsy - Close eyes
- Turn around
- Sunglasses
- Shut off strobes
Barotrauma (4)
- OTIC: unequal ear P -> Valsalva / Frenzel -> Land
- Sinus: land
- Gastro-intestinal: pain / flatulence. non-gas food / slow
- Aerodontalgia: tooth air pocket
Hazardous Toxic Materials (5)
- Mercury (no compressed air -> explosion)
- Toxic Mat on skin (warm water, no soap)
- Seat material (toxic fumes)
- Ozone poisoning
- Cosmic radiation
Ozone Poisoning Factor (1) / Symptoms (8) / Solutions (2)
Factors:
- Equator (less risk - Ozone layer higher)
Symptoms:
- Dry eyes, nose, throat (initially)
- Dizziness, headache, difficulty breathing
- Impaired vision
- Heart strain
Solutions:
- Heat destroys Ozone
- Ozone converter (heavy)
Cosmic Radiation Source (2)
Source:
- Galactic (constant, predictable, high energy)
- > cancer, birth defects
- Solar (unpredictable, low energy)
- > affects CNS, damage organs, skin cancer (melanoma)
Solar radiation protects from galactic radiation
Factors:
- altitude
- latitude
