Chapter 11: Information Processing, Memory and Learning

Question 1

Information Processing Circuit

Answer 1

Sensory stimulation (sense above threshold)
-> Sensory memory (short term) ->

Attention circuit:
Perception -> Concious Processing (uses LTM) -> Response

Long term memory circuit:
LTM + Procedural memory (automatisms) -> Response

Response -> Feedback -> Sensory stimulation

Question 2

Concious Processing

Downside?

Answer 2

1 task at a time

Can do 1 concious + 1 unconcious task

Question 3

Attention

Types (2)

Answer 3

Selective: 1 thing + cocktail party
Dividided: 1+ things, performance-

Question 4

Vigilance

What is? Linked to? Vigilance Types (2)?

Answer 4

Sustained attention for non-ordinary event
Linked to circadian rythm
Hyper/Hypo vigilance

Question 5

Hypovigilance

Reasons (6), Actions to remedy (5)

Answer 5

Reasons: Low workload, fatigue, warm, low lighting, monotours, after meal

Actions: Lookout for symptoms, walk, talk, nap, embedded training

Question 6

Hypervigilance

Effect (1)? Response Time? Particular Error?

Answer 6

Paranoia
Time / action goes down -> errors, innacuracies
Response error: use prepared response for wrong stimulus

Question 7

Sensory Memory Store
Types of Sensory Memory (2), Time Stored, Where?
What % Makes it to STM

Answer 7

Iconic: .5 - 1s in visual sketch pad
Echoic: 2 - 8s in phological loop
< 1%

Question 8

STM

Other Name, Duration, # Info Stored, Downside (2), Technique for Remembering Better

Answer 8

Short Term Memory or Working Memory
10 - 30s
5 +/- 2 piece
Susceptible to interruption, remember new info (ATC = remember wind)
Chunking

Question 9

LTM

Characteristics (2)? Types (3), Which is Explicit/Implicit?

Answer 9

Unlimited & Permanent

(ex) Episodic: memories (Amnesia)
(ex) Semantic: knowledge, languages…
(im) Procedural: automatisms, skills, motor programs

Question 10

LTM

Inconsistency (3), Improvement Techniques (3)

Answer 10

Desires and Experiences change LTM
Expectancy Bias: memory change to fit expectations
Techniques: Mneumonics, overlearning, association

Question 11

Learning
Learning Mechanics (4), Learning Efficiency Depends on (4)

Answer 11

Classical Conditioning (Pavlov)
Operant Conditioning (feedback)
Insight Learning (experiences, brain)
Imitation Modelling)
Depends on: motivation, rehearsal, pratical linkage, mental health

Question 12

Skill

What is? Concious or Unconcious?

Answer 12

Unconcious ability

organised / coordinated pattern of physical, mental, intellectual, social, psychological activity

Question 13

Skill Learning

Skill Learning Steps (3), by Who? What Happens if Not Enough Practice?

Answer 13

Anderson:
1. Cognitive (theory)
2. Associative (Practice)
3. Autonomous (Internalized)
not enough practice -> 3 back to 2

Question 14

Mental Program & Schemes

What is Program? Schemes? Benefits (2)? Downsides (2)?

Answer 14

Program: automatic movement for skills
Schemes: info to use motor programs in procedural memory
+ releave workload, more time
- errors, attention