Chapter 16: Error, Reliability & Decisions Flashcards
Errors Types (2)
Active: human/system, immediate consequence
Latent: dorman, false sense security
Error Subcategory Types (5)
Slip / lapse: intent correct, wrong outcome
Environmental capture: old habit, even in new envir.
Mistake: intent wrong, wrong done well
Routine violation: concious, regular, can be good
Exceptional violation: concious
Internal Error Generation
Reasons (4)
Misinterpret
Illusions
Memory
Distracted (channelised/dispersed)
External Error Generation
Reasons (4)
Stresses
Ergonomics
Economics (company policy, pressure, turn around t)
Social environment
SHELL Model
Letters (5), what about S and H
Liveware
Liveware
Software - charts, SOP… can cause mode error (need to understand software)
Hardware - 3 point altimeter increase error by 20%
Environment - poor conditions, jetlag…
Limit Errors (4)
Error reversal
Error prevention systems
Cross monitoring (each other + AP)
Machine monitoring (it monitores for you i.e. GPWS…)
Human Reliability
Stats and by who
Frank Hawkins
1 error / 100 tasks
1 / 1000 with training
Deciding vs. Decision Making
Deciding = emotional
Decision making = step by step aka judgement concept
=subjective/objective goal, risk associated, personality …
Decision Making Man vs Machine
Man more adaptable, better at making decisions
Decision Making Steps (9)
Define Aim / allocate time Collect information Assess risk Develop options Evaluate options Decide Implement / Assign tasks Monitor / Evaluation Feedback
Problem with Decision Making
when you choose between 2
2 loss -> choose riskier
2 gains -> choose wiser option
Decision Making Errors (4)
Expectation Bias
Confirmation Bias
Saliency (pay attention to noisy/bright things)
Denial
Decision Making Errors - Denial Types (6)
Procrastination Rationalization Hopes & Desires Refusal to admit Refusal to review Status & Reputation
Decision Making Depends on (4)
Conditions, pilots, time, AC
