Chapter 12: Perception & Perceptual Errors

Question 1

Proprioceptors

What is it, synonims (2), reliable?

Answer 1

Joint / muscle position / movement
Kinaesthetic receptors / seat of your pants
unreliable, especially with no visual references

Question 2

Perception
Made of (3), reliable, stages (2)

Answer 2

Sensory input
Past experiences
Learning
Subjective, unreliable
stage 1: bottom up, data drive processing (sensor)
stage 2: top down, conceptually driven processing

Question 3

Organizing Dots in Patterns

By who, dot groupings (5)

Answer 3

Gestalt:
Continuity
Proximity
Periodicity
Similarity
Symmetry

Question 4

Visual Constancy

What is, types (3)

Answer 4

Perceive item unchanged yet image changed
Size constancy
Shape constancy
Colour / brightness constancy

Question 5

Perceptual Set (Expectancy)
what is, steps (2), characteristic?

Answer 5

Predisposition to see something certain way based on exp.
1. selecting relevant information
2. interpreting that information
resistant to change

Question 6

Illusion Types (3)

Answer 6

Visual
Auditive
Kinaesthetic

Question 7

Visual Illusions (7)
Info

Answer 7

Comparative Size - high to low tree feels high
Perspective
Autokinesis - point of light moves if no ref.
Taxying - high cockpit -> small V
Take off - slope / banking terrain as horizon
Cruise - AC flying towards us will pass below
Hills appear higher
Surrounding terrain

Question 8

Visual Illusions (High/Low) (4)

Answer 8

Downward RW - feel low -> too high -> steep landing
Wide RW - feel low -> too high -> steep landing
Windscreen rain -> horizon looks lower -> too low
No details -> feel high -> too low

Question 9

Visual Illusions (Fast/Slow) (2)

Answer 9

Night -> rain magnify light -> feel fast -> too slow

Day -> rain makes AC feel slow -> too fast

Question 10

Visual Illusions (Far/Near) (3)

Answer 10

Dim lights - feel far -> too high -> steep landing
Blackhole - bright -> feel close -> too low
Weather - fog -> feel far -> too high -> steep landing

Question 11

Guard Against Illusions (3)

Answer 11

Instruments
Briefings
Training (Simulation)