Chapter 7 Harvesting Energy: Glycolysis and Cellular Respiration

Question 1

Cellular Respiration

Answer 1

The oxygen-requiring reactions, occurring in mitochondria, that break down the end products of glycolysis into carbon dixoide and water while capturing large amounts of energy as ATP.

Question 2

Chemiosmosis

Answer 2

A process of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) generation in chloroplasts and mitochondria. The movement of electrons down an electron transport system is used to pump hydrogen ions across a membrane, therby building up a concentration gradient of hydrogen ions across the membrane through the pores of ATp. synthesizing enzymes; the energy of their movement down their concentration gradient drives ATP synthesis.

Question 3

Electron Transport Chain

Answer 3

A series of electron carrier molecules, found in the thylakoid membranes of chloroplasts and the inner membrane of mitochondria, that extract energy from electrons and generate ATP or other energetic molecules.

Question 4

Fermentation

Answer 4

Anaerobic reactions that convert the pyruvic acid produced by glycolysis into lactic acid or alcohol and CO2

Question 5

Flavin Adenine Dinucleotide (FADH2)

Answer 5

An electron carrier molecule produced in the mitochondrial matrix by the Krebs cycle; subsequently donates electrons to the electron transport chain.

Question 6

Glycolysis

Answer 6

Reactions, carried out in the cytoplasm, that break down glucose into two molecules of pyruvic acid, producing two adenosine triphosphate (ATP) molecules; does not require oxygen but can proceed when oxygen is present.

Question 7

Intermembrane Compartment

Answer 7

The fluid-filled space between the inner and outer membranes of a mitochrondrion.

Question 8

Krebs cycle

Answer 8

A cyclic series of reactions, occuring in the matrix of mitochondria, in which the acetyl groups from the pyruvic acids produced by glycolysis are broken down to CO2 accompanied by the formation of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) and electron carriers; also called citric acid cycle.

Question 9

Matrix

Answer 9

The fluid contained within the inner membrane of a mitochondrion.

Question 10

Mitochondria

Answer 10

An organelle, bounded by two membranes, that is the site of the reactions of aerobic metabolism.

Question 11

Pyruvate

Answer 11

A three carbon molecule that is formed by glycolysis and then used in fermentation or cellular respiration.