Chapter 16 The Diversity of Life

Question 1

Anarobe

Answer 1

An organism whose respiration does not require oxygen.

Question 2

Angiosperm

Answer 2

A flowering vascular plant.

Question 3

Archaea

Answer 3

One of life’s three domans; consists of prokaryotes that are only distantly related to members of the doman Bacteria.

Question 4

Bacteria

Answer 4

One of life’s three domans; consists of prokaryotes that are only distantly related to members of the domain Archaea.

Question 5

Conifer

Answer 5

A member of a class of vascular plants (Coniferophyta) that reproduce by means of seeds formed inside cones and that retain their leaves throughout the year.

Question 6

Endospore

Answer 6

A protective resting structure of some rod-shaped bacteria that withstands unfavorable enviromental conditions.

Question 7

Eukarya

Answer 7

One of life’s three domains; consists of all eukaryotes (plants, animals, fungi, and protists).

Question 8

Flagellum (plural flagella)

Answer 8

A long, hairlike extension of the plasma membrane; in eukaryotic cells, it contains microtubules arranged in a 9 + 2 pattern. The movement of flagella propel some cells through fluids.

Question 9

Flower

Answer 9

The reproductive structure of an angriosperm plant.

Question 10

Fruit

Answer 10

In flowering plants, the ripened ovary (plus, in some cases, other parts of the flower), which contains the seeds.

Question 11

Gymnosperm

Answer 11

A nonflowering seed plant, such as a conifer, cycad, or gingko.

Question 12

Hypha (plural, hyphae)

Answer 12

A threadlike structure that consists of elongated cells, typically with many haploid nuclei; many hyphae make up the fungal body.

Question 13

Intertebrate

Answer 13

An animal that does not possess a vertebral column at any stage of its life.

Question 14

Larva (plural, larvae)

Answer 14

An immature form of an organism with indirect development before metamorphisis into its adult form; includes caterpillars of moths and butterflies and the maggots of flies.

Question 15

Metamorphosis

Answer 15

In animals with indirect development, a radical change in body form from larva to sexually mature adult, as seen in amphibians (tadpole to frog) and insects (ceterpillar to butterfly).

Question 16

Molt

Answer 16

To shed an external body covering, such as an exoskeleton, skin, feathers, or fur.

Question 17

Mycelium (plural, mycelia)

Answer 17

The body of a fungus, consisting of a mass of hyphae.

Question 18

Nerve Cord

Answer 18

In most animals, the nervous tissue running lengthwise from the head toward the tail, connecting the brain or principal ganglia of the head with the rest of the body. In chordates, a hollow structure lying just beneath the dorsal surface of the body, connecting the brain with the rest of the body. In vertebrates, this is the spinal cord.

Question 19

Nitrogen-fixing Bacteria

Answer 19

A bacterium that possesses the ability to remove nitrogen from the atmosphere and combine it with hydrogen to produce ammonium.

Question 20

Nonvascular Plant

Answer 20

A plant that lacks conducting vessels; a bryophyte; mosses, hornworts, and liverworts are nonvascular plants.

Question 21

Notochord

Answer 21

A stiff but somewhat flexible, supportive rod found in all members of the phylum Chordata at some stage of development.

Question 22

Pathogenic

Answer 22

Capable of producing disease; refers to an organism with such a capability (a pathogen).

Question 23

Pharyngeal Gill Slit

Answer 23

An opening, located just posterior to the mouth, that connects the digestive tube to the outside enviroment; present (at some stage of life) in all chordates.

Question 24

Phytoplankton

Answer 24

Photosynthetic protists that are abundant in marine and freshwater enviroments.

Question 25

Pollen

Answer 25

The male gametophyte of a seed plant.

Question 26

Post-Anal Tail

Answer 26

A tail that extends beyond the anus; exhibited by al chordates at some stage of development.

Question 27

Protist

Answer 27

A eukaryotic organism that is not a plant, animal, or fungus. The term ecompasses a diverse array of organisms and does not represent a monophyletic group. Algae, amoebas, slime molds, and clilates are examples of protists.

Question 28

Pupa

Answer 28

A developmental stage in some insect species in which the organism stops moving and feeding and may be encased in a cocoon; occurs between the larval and the adult phases.

Question 29

Seed

Answer 29

The reproductive structure of a seed plant; protected by a seed coat; contains an embryonic plant and a supply of food for it.

Question 30

Spore

Answer 30

A haploid reproductive cell capable of developing into an adult without fusing with another cell; in the alternation of generation life cycle of plants, a haploid cell that is produced by meiosis and then undergoes repeated mitotic division and differentiation of daughter cells to produce the gametophyte, a multicellular, haploid organism.

Question 31

Vascular Plant

Answer 31

A plant that has specialized structures (vessels) for transporting water and nutrients though its body, Horsetails, ferns, gymnosperms, and flowering plants are examples of vascular plants.

Question 32

Vertebral Column

Answer 32

A column of serially arranged skeletal units (the vertabrae) that enclose the nerve cord in vertebrates; the backbone.

Question 33

Vertebrate

Answer 33

An animal that possesses a vertebral column.