Chapter 4 Cell Structure and Function

Question 1

Central Vacuole

Answer 1

A large, fluid-filled vacuole occupuying most of the volume of many plant cells; performs several functions, including maintaining turgor pressure.

Question 2

Chloroplast

Answer 2

The organelle in plants and photosynthetic protists that is the site of photosynthesis; surrounded by a double membrane and containing an extensive inernal membrane system that bears chlorophyll.

Question 3

Chromatin

Answer 3

The complex of DNA and proteins that makes up eukaryotic chromosones.

Question 4

Chromosone

Answer 4

A DNA double helix together with proteins that help to organize the DNA.

Question 5

Cilia

Answer 5

A short, hairlike projection from the surface of certain eukaryotic cells that contains microtubules in 9 + 2 arrangement. The movement of cilia may propel cells through a fluid medium or move fluids over a stationary surface layer of cells.

Question 6

Cytoplasm

Answer 6

The material contained within the plasma membrane of a cell, exclusive of the nucleus.

Question 7

Cytoskeleon

Answer 7

A network of protein fibers in the cytoplasm that gives shape to a cell, holds and moves organelles, and is typically involved in cell movment.

Question 8

Electron Micrograph

Answer 8

A photographic image of an object viewed through an electron microscope.

Question 9

Eukaryotic Cell

Answer 9

Referring to cells of organisms of the domain Eukarya (plants, animals, fungi, and protists.) Eukaryotic cells have genetic material enclosed within a membrane-bound nucleus and contain other membrane-bound organelles.

Question 10

Flagella

Answer 10

A long, hairlike extension of the plasma membrane; in eukayotic cells, it contains microtubules arranged in a 9 + 2 pattern. The movement of flagella propel some cells through fluids.

Question 11

Golgi Apparatus

Answer 11

A stack of membranous sacs, found in most eukaryotic cells, that is the site of processing and seperation of membrane components and secretory materials.

Question 12

Lysosome

Answer 12

A membrane-bound organelle containing intracellular digestive enzymes.

Question 13

Microtubule

Answer 13

A hollow, cylindrical strand, found in eukaryotic cells, that is composed of the protein tubulin; part of the cytoskeleton used in the movement of organelles, cell growth, and the construction of cilia and flagella.

Question 14

Mitochondrion

Answer 14

An organelle bounded by two membranes, that is the site of the reactions of aerobic metabolism.

Question 15

Nuclear Envelope

Answer 15

The double-membrane system surrounding the nucleus of eukaryotic cells; the outer membrane is typically continuous with the endoplasmic reticulum.

Question 16

Nucleoid

Answer 16

The location of the genetic material in prokaryotic cells; not membrane-enclosed.

Question 17

Nucleolus

Answer 17

The region of the eukaryotic nucleus that is engaged in ribosome synthesis; consists of the genes encoding ribosomal RNA, newly synthesized ribosomal RNA, and ribosomal proteins.

Question 18

Nucleus

Answer 18

(1) atomic nucleus: the central region of an atom, consisting of proton and neutrons; (2) cellular nucleus: the membrane-bound organelle of eukaryoitc cells that contains the cell’s genetic material.

Question 19

Organelle

Answer 19

A structure, found in the cytoplasm of eukaryotic cells that performs a specific function; sometimes refers specifically to membrane bound structures, such as the nucleus or endoplasmic reticulum.

Question 20

Prokaryotic Cell

Answer 20

Cells of the domains Bacteria and Archaaea. Prokaryotic cells have genetic material that is not enclosed in a membrane bound nucleus; they lack other membrane-bound organelles.

Question 21

Ribosome

Answer 21

An organelle consisting of two subunits, each composed of ribosomal RNA and protein; the bases of messenger RNA is translated into the sequence of amino acids in a protein.

Question 22

Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum

Answer 22

Endoplasmic reticulum lined on the outside with ribosomes.

Question 23

Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum

Answer 23

Endoplasmic reticulum without ribosomes.