chapter 7 Galton

Question 1

anthropometric laboratory

Answer 1

intelligence test such as head size measurements, other physical aspects, reaction time tests

Question 2

psychology of individual differences

Answer 2

a discipline that focuses on the measurement and study of variations among people on a psychological characteristic, rather than the general qualities of that characteristic

Question 3

normal distribution

Answer 3

a quetelet
the distribution of many easily-measured human attributes, such as height, could be plotted to yield a bell-shaped curve symmetrical about the average (mean) value. Today, statisticians call this curve the normal distribution.

Question 4

self-questionnaire method

Answer 4

the distribution of a standard set of questions to a large sample of respondents, to investigate a major psychological issue

Question 5

nature and nurture

Answer 5

nature is all that a man brings with himself into the world, nurture is every influence that affects him after his birth

Question 6

twin studies method

Answer 6

examines the similarities and differences that develop between different categories of twin pairs, such as identical (monozygotic) versus fraternal (dizygotic), or those reared in similar versus dissimilar environments

Question 7

eugenics

Answer 7

the project of improving the human race by selective breeding

Question 8

positive eugenics

Answer 8

increases the proportion of gifted people; efforts aimed at increasing desirable traits

Question 9

negative eugenics

Answer 9

mentally inferior people would outbreak their superiors and eventually swamp the population; to efforts aimed at decreasing undesirable traits

Question 10

statistical correlation

Answer 10

a mathematical process for measuring the strength of the association between two imperfectly related variables

Question 11

regression toward the mean

Answer 11

the tendency for extreme scores on one of the compared variables to be associated with less extreme scores on the other

Question 12

coefficient of correlation

Answer 12

a numerically precise value of the strength of the relationship

Question 13

pearson’s r

Answer 13

karl pearson
a convenient formula for computing the product moment correlation coefficients and extending their range to cover negative relationships

Question 14

mental imagery

Answer 14

a questionnaire that asks subjects to imagine various scenes and then describe their mental images in detail. normal people vary dramatically in the frequency, intensity and vividness with which they imagine things

Question 15

word-association technique

Answer 15

the first reactions to come to mind when seeing a list of stimulus words

Question 16

heritability

Answer 16

the percentage of which a characteristic’s variability within a population that is determined by genetics