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Introduction To Psychology & History > Chapter 2 Descartes, Locke, Leibniz > Flashcards

Chapter 2 Descartes, Locke, Leibniz Flashcards

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1
Q

Simple nature

A

Most elementary and fundamental properties of physical phenomena

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2
Q

Primary qualities

A

Galileo’s simple natures (Descartes)

e.g. shape, motion, quantity

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3
Q

Animal spirit

A

Yellow fluid that fills the ventricles and cavities (cerebrospinal fluid)

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4
Q

St. Germain statue

A

Animal+animal spirit

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5
Q

Reflexes

A

A sequence in which a specific stimulus from the external world automatically elicits a specific response

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6
Q

Unconditional reflex

A

Occurs involuntarily e.g. eyeblink, salivation

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7
Q

The soul of a beast is nothing but their body

A

Nerves are tubes filled with “animal spirit”

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8
Q

Cogito ergo sum

A

I think, therefore I am

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9
Q

Innate ideas

A

Ideas that are independent of the specific sensory experience must derive from the nature of thinking soul itself

-> Avicenna’s floating man in space

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10
Q

Dualism

A

Mind is separate from the body

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11
Q

Interactive dualism

A

There is a connection between the mind and the body

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12
Q

Automaton

A

a moving mechanical device made in imitation of a human being.

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13
Q

Princess Elizabeth of Bohemia

A

How do the body and mind interact?

The pineal gland. The body is double (two eyes, two hemispheres etc), the soul is one. The pineal gland is unique, therefore it is the connection.

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14
Q

Tabula rasa

A

Blank slate

Inexperienced mind

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15
Q

Sensations

A

Kind of experince of external world

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16
Q

Reflections

A

Kind of experience of the mind’s own operations

17
Q

Simple ideas

A

Notions such as redness, roundness, loudness, coldness etc from the basic sense (inexperienced infants)

18
Q

Complex ideas

A

Combination of simple ideas resulted from experience

e.g. apple+desire=hunger

19
Q

W. Molyneux

A

Blind man that suddenly gained sight

20
Q

Knowledge - Locke

A

Intuitive
Demonstrative
Sesitive

21
Q

Intuitive knowledge

A

Recognising the differences

22
Q

Demonstrative knowledge

A

A series of deductions involving axioms result in a not obvious but true conclusion

23
Q

Sensitive knowledge

A

Patterns of sensory experiences

- largest type of knowledge

24
Q

Association of ideas

A

Linking together or combining ideas

25
Q

Law of association by contiguity (Hume)

A

Contiguity= the experiencing of two or more ideas either simultaneously or in rapid succession

26
Q

Social contract

A

Thomas Hobbes
Joining together in groups with supreme authority invested in centralised powers to organise defense against other groups and to curtail aggression within themselves

27
Q

Pantheism

A

Spinoza

God is not an independent being who controls the universe but rather that God in the ENTIRE universe

28
Q

Monadology

A

“In the smallest particle of matter there is a world of creatures, living beings..”

29
Q

Monads (types)

A

Bare
Sentient
Rational
Supreme

30
Q

Monads (def)

A

The ultimate component of the Universe must be energetic and purpose-laden entities with some capacity for awareness

31
Q

Bare monads

A

Faint capacity of awareness
When in large quantities, they form the basis of the physical bodies of material objects

=modern atoms

32
Q

Sentient monads

A

Conscious sensations and perceptions of material objects, memory of experiences
When joined to a physical body, they become the dominant monad or soul of an animal

33
Q

Rational monads

A

Could become the soul or mind of human beings

34
Q

Apperception

A

An impression is not simply “registered” by the mind but it is also interpreted, studied and rationally analysed

35
Q

Supreme monad

A

The highest level of awareness

God

36
Q

Necessary truths

A

Prime tools in the process of apperception as opposed to simple perceptions

Introduction To Psychology & History (7 decks)

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