Chapter 7 - Fitness Components used in Sports and Activities Flashcards
Name the Health Related Fitness Components
Aerobic Capacity Ananerobic Capacity Muscular Strength Local Muscular Endurance Flexibility Body Composition
Name the Skill Related Fitness components
Muscular Power Speed Agility Co-ordination Balance Reaction Time
What is Aerobic Capacity
Ability of the respiratory, Cardio vascular and Muscular SYstems to take in, transport and consume oxygen and nutrients to the tissues of the boyd and remove waste products
The predominant energy system is Aerobic Glycolysis
Factors Affecting Aerobic Capacity
- Age (peaks around 25-28 years old)
- Gender (males have higher due to larger heart and lungs)
- Heart Strength (stronger heart pumps out more blood)
- Vo2 Max
- LIP
- Healthy Blood Vessels that are elastic and free from obstructions
- Blood that has adequate levels of haemoglobin to carry oxygen
- A fit respiratory system
- Muscle tissue that is capable of using the oxygen delivered to it
Health Related Fitness Components –
Are more important to health than athletic or sporting ability. These components of fitness are directly related to good health and a reduced risk of Hypokinetic disease ( disease associated with lack of PA, such as heart disease, lower back pain)
Skill Related Fitness Components
improve a persons physical performance in motor skills. Having high degree of Fitness in these areas is often linked to high levels of athletic performance.
What is Anaerobic Capacity
The total amount of work done by the anaerobic energy systems.
It is the ability to produce energy quickly without using O2
Factors affecting Anaerobic Capacity
- Gender (males tend to have a greater anaerobic capacity due to increased muscle mass and number of fast-twitch fibres)
- Type of Muscle Fibres (proportion of fast-twitch fibres to slow-twitch)
Body Composition
The proportion of bone, muscle and fat with in the body
How is body composition assessed by
Somatotypes - endomorph, mesomorph and ectomorph
Body Fat Determination - shinfold measurement
Factors affecting body composition
Gender (females tend to have a slightly higher percentage of body fat than males)
Define Flexibility
The ability of a joint to move through its entire range of motion
Flexibility is important for injury prevention, freedom of movement and aesthetic apperance
Factors Affecting Flexibility
- Age (flexibility levels decrease with age)
- Gender (females more flexible than males)
- Joint Structure (different types of joints allow for different amounts of movement)
- Muscle Temperature
- Injury
Define Muscular Endurance
The of a muscle or group of muscles to sustain an activity for a period of time in the face of considerable fatigue
Factors affecting Muscular Endurance
- Fibre Type (slow-twitch muscle fibres more suited to repeated contractions)
- Fatigue (high levels of fatigue will reduce muscular endurance)
- Accumulation of Lactic Acid and Inorganic Phosphate
- Circulation
2 Types of Flexibility
Dynamic and Static
Dynamic FLexibility
How easily a limb can be moved through its range of motion when executing a skill
Static Flexibility
Ability to move a joint to its maximum range of motion then hold
Define Muscular Strength
The maximum force that can be produced by a muscle in one effort
Factors affecting Muscular Strength
- Area of Muscle (greater area gives greater potential muscle force)
- Contraction Type (isometric, concentric, eccentric, isokinetic)
- Speed of Contraction (faster contraction equals less load on the muscle)
- No of muscle fibers recruited
Define Agility
The ability to change direction accurately, with balance whilst moving rapidly
Factors affecting Agility
- Reaction Time (faster reaction allows people to move faster)
- Cognitive Ability (agility generally occurs in response to a stimulus, such as a tennis shot or an oncoming tackler in football. Being able to recognise this stimulus is an important part of agility)
Define Balance
Ability to main equilibrium of the body.
Closely associated with core stability
Static Balance
Maintaining equilibrium in one fixed position
Dynamic Balance
Maintaining equilibrium whilst moving
Factors affecting Balance
- Change in Location or Body Position (can upset the equilibrium of the body)
- Centre of Gravity (a lower centre of gravity leads to better balance)
Coordination
The ability to perform motor skills smoothly, efficiently and accurately
Involves the neuromuscular system working harmoniously in hand eye and foot eye coordination activities
Factors Affecting Coordination
Practise (coordination is simply improved through practise)
Muscular Power
Ability to exert a maximal contraction in one explosive action
Dependant on speed and time
Factors affecting Muscular Power
- Speed of Contraction (muscular power increases with contraction speed up until a certain point, then slightly decreases at maximum contraction speed)
- Muscle Size (bigger muscle equals more potential power)
- Fibre Type (fast-twitch fibres have greater potential power)
Reaction Time
The athletes ability to process information via the nervous system to react to a stimulus
Factors affecting Reaction Time
- Number of Stimuli (the more stimuli there are, the slower that reaction time tends to be)
- Concentration (increased concentration can improve reaction time)
Define Speed
How fast the body or a body part can be moved from one place to another
Factors Affecting Speed
- Number of Muscle Motor Units Recruited (more motor units equals increased force and therefore increased speed)
- Fibre Type (fast-twitch fibres contract more quickly than slow-twitch)
