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Micro Exam II > Chapter 7 - Control of Microbial Growth > Flashcards

Chapter 7 - Control of Microbial Growth Flashcards

1
Q

Sterilization

A

Removal of all bacterial life

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2
Q

Commercial Sterilization

A

Applying enough heat to destroy the endospores of Clostrididium Botulinum (Botulism)

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3
Q

Disinfection

A
  • Removal of pathogens

- ex: Steam, Chemicals, UV, Boiling Water

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4
Q

Antisepsis

A

Removal of pathogens from living tissue

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5
Q

Degerming

A

Mechanism of removal of microbes rather than killing the microbes

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6
Q

Sanitization

A

Lowers the microbial counts on a surface

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7
Q

Biocides/Germicides

A

Kills microbes

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8
Q

Bacteriostatic

A

Inhibits growth of bacteria but leaves microbes where they are

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9
Q

Microbial Death Rate

A
  • Exponential

- Linear when logarithmic

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10
Q

Effectiveness of Antimicrobial Treatments

A
  • Dose dependent
  • Number of Microbes
  • Environmental Influences
  • Time of Exposure
  • Type of Microbe
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11
Q

Antimicrobial Targets

A
  • Plasma Membrane
  • Essential Proteins
  • Nucleic Acids
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12
Q

Thermal Death Point

A

The lowest temperature at which all cells in a culture are killed within 10 minutes

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13
Q

Thermal Death Time

A

Time needed to kill all cells in a culture at a given temperature

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14
Q

Decimal Reduction Time

A

Minutes it takes for 90% of the population to be killed at a given temperature

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15
Q

Pasteurization

A

Eliminates pathogens and spoilage organisms

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16
Q

Moist Heat

A

Kills by denaturing proteins

17
Q

Dry Heat

A

Kills by oxidation

18
Q

Filtration

A

Separates microbes without the use of heat

19
Q

Low Temperature

A
  • Inhibits microbial growth does not kill

- Refrigeration, Deep Freezing

20
Q

High Pressure

A

Denatures proteins and carbohydrates

21
Q

Desiccation

A

Absence of water, prevents metabolism (freeze drying)

22
Q

Osmotic Pressure

A

Creates a hypertonic environment to desiccate the microbe

23
Q

Radiation

A

Damages DNA

24
Q

Effectiveness of Disinfectant

A
  • Concentration of Disinfectant (higher is better)
  • Extraneous Organic Matter (Inhibits)
  • pH (lower is better)
25
Q

Disk Diffusion Evaluation

A

Disinfectant judged based on “zone of inhibition”

26
Q

Critical Killing Time

A

Time it takes a concentration of disinfectant to kill a suspension of bacteria

27
Q

Types of Disinfectants

A
  • Phenol
  • Phenolic
  • Bisphenols
  • Biguanides
  • Halogens
  • Alcohols
  • Heavy Metals
  • Gaseous Sterilant
28
Q

Surface Active Agents (Surfactants)

A
  • Soaps
  • Acid Anionic Detergents
  • Quaternary Ammonium Compounds Cationic Detergents
29
Q

Chemical Food Preservatives

A
  • Organic Acids
  • Nitrite
  • Antibiotics
  • Aldehydes
  • Peroxygens

Micro Exam II (6 decks)

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