Chapter 14 - Principals of Disease and Epidemiology

Question 1

Pathology

Answer 1

Study of disease

Question 2

Etiology

Answer 2

Study of the cause of a particular disease

Question 3

Pathogenesis

Answer 3

Disease development

Question 4

Disease

Answer 4

The result of an infection; an abnormal state of health

Question 5

Normal Flora

Answer 5

Microorganisms that reside on a host but do not produce disease

Question 6

Transient Microbiota

Answer 6

Temporary residents

Question 7

Symbiosis

Answer 7

The relationship between host and microbia where at least one is dependent on the other

Question 8

Commensalism

Answer 8

One organism benefits and the other is unaffected

Question 9

Mutualism

Answer 9

Mutually beneficial symbiosis

Question 10

Parasitism

Answer 10

One organism benefits at the expense of the other

Question 11

Opportunistic Pathogens

Answer 11

Microorganism that does not harm its host but may do harm to a new, foreign host

Question 12

Microbial Antagonism

Answer 12

The presence of one microbe inhibits the growth of another microbe
Ex: E.Coli inhibits Salmonella and Shigella

Question 13

Probiotics

Answer 13

Live microbes which are ingested to exert a beneficial effect

Question 14

Natural Antimicrobial Secretions

Answer 14

• Sweat
• Mucous
• Tears
• Fatty Acids
• Bile

Question 15

Natural Antimicrobial Mechanisms

Answer 15

• Dryness of skin
• Eyelashes/Eyelids
• Cilia on the Trachea and Bronchi

Question 16

Disease Identification

Answer 16

• Symptoms (not apparent to observer)

- Signs (apparent to observer)

Question 17

Occurrence of a Disease (Prevalence)

Answer 17

• Sporadic Occurrence (occasional)
• Endemic Occurrence (constantly present)
• Incident (small fraction of population)
• Epidemic (more cases than expected)
• Pandemic (world wide epidemic)

Question 18

Herd Immunity

Answer 18

Enough of a population is immune so there are not enough people able to be infected

Question 19

Severity of Disease

Answer 19

• Acute (rapid, short lasting)
• Subacute (moderate amount of time)
• Chronic (extended period of time)
• Latent (long incubation phase)