Chapter 10 - Classification of Microorganisms Flashcards
1
Q
Taxonomy
A
Science of classifying organisms
2
Q
Total Number of Species
A
- 1.7 Million Discovered
- 10-100 Million Estimated
3
Q
The Three Domains
A
- Archea
- Bacteria
- Eukarya
4
Q
Archea
A
- Prokaryotic
- Found in extreme enviroments
- No Peptidoglycan (wall)
- Membrane has branched C chains
- 1st Amino Acid ~ Methionine
5
Q
Bacteria
A
- Prokaryotic
- All pathogens are Bacteria
- Peptidoglycan (wall)
- Membrane has straight C chains
- 1st Amino Acid ~ Formylmethionine
- Has rRNA loop and common arm of tRNA
6
Q
Eukarya
A
- Eukaryotic (Includes Animals, Plants, Fungi)
- Carbohydrates (wall)
- Membrane has straight C chains
- 1st Amino Acid ~ Methionine
- Has common arm of tRNA
7
Q
Eukaryotic Species
A
Closely related organisms that breed among themselves
8
Q
Prokaryotic Species
1. Clone 2. Strain
A
- A group of cells with similar characteristics
1. Population of cells derived from a single cell
2. Genetically different cells within a clone or species
9
Q
Viral Species
A
A population of viruses with similar characteristics that occupy a specific ecological niche
10
Q
Methods of Classifying Organisms
A
- Morphological Characteristics
- Differential Staining
- Biochemical Tests
11
Q
Morphological Characteristics
A
- Useful for identifying eukaryotes
- Classification by structure (appearance)
12
Q
Differential Staining
A
- Includes Gram and Acid-Fast Staining
- Classification based on cell wall composition
13
Q
Biochemical Tests
A
- Differentiates between closely related organisms
- Represented by a dichotomous key (if yes than… if no then…)
14
Q
Serology
1. Antiserum
A
Study of immune responses evident in serums
1. Solution of antibodies to identify microbes
15
Q
Serology Tests
A
- Slide Agglunation Test (known antiserum + unknown bacterium)
- ELISA Test (enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay)
- Western Blotting Test (identifies antibodies in patient’s serum)
