Chapter 7: Consciousness Flashcards
Why do we need sleep
-selfcontrol
-lack of sleep can fatigue and affect
-productivity
-physical health
-poor sleep can cause depression, disease, diabetes, hdp, early death
Define Wish Fulfillment
to fulfill ungratified need
What are the 2 components of dreams?
Manifest Content and Latent Content
the actual story line of the dream and what we remember about
Manifest Content
the hidden message behind the dream
Latent Content
the idea of the Activation Synthesis Model
hobson believed dreams involve unconscious desires or conflicts
Neocognitive Theory
a theory that dreams are meaningful products of our cognitive capacities
Functions of Sleep include;
-repair the wear and tear on our bodies
-gives the brain a rest
a device that can record activity in the brain during sleep is known as a
Electroencephalogram (EEG)
an unusual disturbance of consciousness is known as
Sleep Paralysis
what index do we use to text the quality of sleep
The Pittsburgh Sleep Quality
REM stands for
Rapid Eye Movement
what occurs during REM sleep:
-muscle paralysis
-rapid eye movement occurs
-we spend most of our time in REM during sleep
-people who are deprived of REM will fall into it faster
Disorders of Sleep include
problems getting sleep, increases with age
symptoms of Insomnia include:
-difficulty falling asleep
-panic, negative thoughts
-increased arousal
-poor sleep
-fatigue
what can help with Insomnia, what is the downside to taking taking this process?
sedatives (sleeping pills) can help u sleep, but the pills begin to lose their effectiveness and can cause u a dependence on drugs withdrawal and symptoms
a disease caused by suddenly falling to sleep during normal work period
Narcolepsy
reflective gasping for air that awakes a person and disrupts sleep
Sleep Apnea
anxiety dreams that lead to an awakening
Nightmares
a disorder where abrupt awakening from NREM-Sleep are caused by feelings of panic during non REM sleep
Night Terrors
sleep walking is also known as
Somnambulism
a psychoactive drug is
a substance that contains the chemicals similar to those found naturally in our brains that alter consciousness
techniques that provide people with suggestions for alterations is their perception thoughts, feelings and behaviors, can be used to treat people and in therapy
hypnosis
the behavior of a hypnotized person is a function of that person expectations
sociocognitive theory of hypnosis
a split, or dissociation between two aspects of control of consciousness that are ordinarily linked
dissociation theory of hypnosis
the effects of taking drugs can be
- Tolerance
- With drawl
- Physical Dependence (ex. when you get a headache for not taking caffeine for a day)
- Psychological Changes (ex. mood changed if you go without caffeine for a day)
Reasons people may get addicted to or use drugs include? explain..
- Sociocultural Influences (ex. people who are unemployed)
- An addictive personality (ex. highly impulsive people, social people, anxious people tend to ge addicted to drugs more)
- Learning and Expectancies (ex. Tension Reduction Hypothesis: people who consume a drug to “relieve” anxiety)
- Genetics (ex. alcoholism running in the family)
how much hours of sleep do we as humans need on average
7-9
Prohibition was
a movement to ban alcohol
a fruit animals ingest that could get them drunk is known as
Marula Fruit
affects of taking alcohol include:
-emotional and psychological stimulant
-increases feelings of relaxation
-elevated mood
-talkativeness
-lowers inhibitions
-causes impaired judgement
What method do police use to measure alcohol consumption
Measure BAC (blood alcohol content) through a breathalyzer
Types of Sedative Hypnotics include:
-Barbiturates (sleeping pills)
-Non-Barbiturates
-Benzodiazepines
drugs that activate inhibitory GABA-A receptors are
Sedative Hypnotics
Types of stimulants include
-Nicotine (activates acetylcholine receptors)
-Cocaine and Crack (increase dopamine, serotonin, and norepinephrine)
-Amphetamines (increase dopamine, serotonin and norepinephrine) ex. meth, can treat ADHD and Narcolepsy
-increase heart rate and blood pressure
Types of Narcotics include
-Opiates (acts on opiate receptors) ex. fentanyl, opium
-induce sleep and relieve pain
a syndrome where people are misdiagnosed as being in a coma yet are actually awake and alert but can appear unconscious
Locked in syndrome
circadian rhythm describe changes that occur on a
24-hour basis
Melatonin
-triggers in feelings of sleepiness, increase after dark
-regulates circadian rhythms
if one carries a mutation on a gene cal DEC2, that individual may be able to
get away with sleeping less than 6 hours
We have 5 stages of sleep every night, the stage that involves one just starting to snore, beginning to see hipnagogic imagery (dreamlike images), may begin to suffer sudden jerks as if being startled is stage number
One
We have 5 stages of sleep every night, the stage where our delta waves start to slow down is stage number
Three
We have 5 stages of sleep every night, the stage where we get sudden bursts of sleep spindle and K complexes is stage number
Two
Lucid dreaming is
being aware of when we’re dreaming
acting out our dreams can be known as
REM behavior disorder
T or F: Brief psychotherapy and sleeping pills can help with bad night terrors or trouble sleeping
True
T or F: people with narcolepsy can experience cataplexy which is a complete loss of muscle tone
True
T or F: Resting 24/7 can be used to treat apnea
False, its weight loss and enlarged tonsil surgery
Freud believed dreams disguise
sexual and aggressive impulses
a challenge to Freud’s dream theory is that
many dreams don’t appear to be disguised
REM is turned on by surges of the neurotransmitter
acetylcholine
an extraordinary sense of consciousness leaving ones body is called an
Out of Body Experience (OBE)
massive releases of endorphines in a dying brain is known as a
Near Death Experience (NDE)
Biological clock is a term that is responsible for
controlling our levels of alertness
damages to what areas of the brain can affect dreaming
white matter and the parietal lobes
hypnosis begins with
induction
