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Psychology 104 > Chapter 7: Consciousness > Flashcards

Chapter 7: Consciousness Flashcards

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1
Q

Why do we need sleep

A

-selfcontrol
-lack of sleep can fatigue and affect
-productivity
-physical health
-poor sleep can cause depression, disease, diabetes, hdp, early death

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2
Q

Define Wish Fulfillment

A

to fulfill ungratified need

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3
Q

What are the 2 components of dreams?

A

Manifest Content and Latent Content

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4
Q

the actual story line of the dream and what we remember about

A

Manifest Content

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5
Q

the hidden message behind the dream

A

Latent Content

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6
Q

the idea of the Activation Synthesis Model

A

hobson believed dreams involve unconscious desires or conflicts

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7
Q

Neocognitive Theory

A

a theory that dreams are meaningful products of our cognitive capacities

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8
Q

Functions of Sleep include;

A

-repair the wear and tear on our bodies
-gives the brain a rest

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9
Q

a device that can record activity in the brain during sleep is known as a

A

Electroencephalogram (EEG)

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10
Q

an unusual disturbance of consciousness is known as

A

Sleep Paralysis

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11
Q

what index do we use to text the quality of sleep

A

The Pittsburgh Sleep Quality

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12
Q

REM stands for

A

Rapid Eye Movement

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13
Q

what occurs during REM sleep:

A

-muscle paralysis
-rapid eye movement occurs
-we spend most of our time in REM during sleep
-people who are deprived of REM will fall into it faster

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14
Q

Disorders of Sleep include

A

problems getting sleep, increases with age

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15
Q

symptoms of Insomnia include:

A

-difficulty falling asleep
-panic, negative thoughts
-increased arousal
-poor sleep
-fatigue

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16
Q

what can help with Insomnia, what is the downside to taking taking this process?

A

sedatives (sleeping pills) can help u sleep, but the pills begin to lose their effectiveness and can cause u a dependence on drugs withdrawal and symptoms

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17
Q

a disease caused by suddenly falling to sleep during normal work period

A

Narcolepsy

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18
Q

reflective gasping for air that awakes a person and disrupts sleep

A

Sleep Apnea

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19
Q

anxiety dreams that lead to an awakening

A

Nightmares

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20
Q

a disorder where abrupt awakening from NREM-Sleep are caused by feelings of panic during non REM sleep

A

Night Terrors

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21
Q

sleep walking is also known as

A

Somnambulism

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22
Q

a psychoactive drug is

A

a substance that contains the chemicals similar to those found naturally in our brains that alter consciousness

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23
Q

techniques that provide people with suggestions for alterations is their perception thoughts, feelings and behaviors, can be used to treat people and in therapy

A

hypnosis

24
Q

the behavior of a hypnotized person is a function of that person expectations

A

sociocognitive theory of hypnosis

25
Q

a split, or dissociation between two aspects of control of consciousness that are ordinarily linked

A

dissociation theory of hypnosis

26
Q

the effects of taking drugs can be

A
  1. Tolerance
  2. With drawl
  3. Physical Dependence (ex. when you get a headache for not taking caffeine for a day)
  4. Psychological Changes (ex. mood changed if you go without caffeine for a day)
27
Q

Reasons people may get addicted to or use drugs include? explain..

A
  1. Sociocultural Influences (ex. people who are unemployed)
  2. An addictive personality (ex. highly impulsive people, social people, anxious people tend to ge addicted to drugs more)
  3. Learning and Expectancies (ex. Tension Reduction Hypothesis: people who consume a drug to “relieve” anxiety)
  4. Genetics (ex. alcoholism running in the family)
28
Q

how much hours of sleep do we as humans need on average

A

7-9

29
Q

Prohibition was

A

a movement to ban alcohol

30
Q

a fruit animals ingest that could get them drunk is known as

A

Marula Fruit

31
Q

affects of taking alcohol include:

A

-emotional and psychological stimulant
-increases feelings of relaxation
-elevated mood
-talkativeness
-lowers inhibitions
-causes impaired judgement

32
Q

What method do police use to measure alcohol consumption

A

Measure BAC (blood alcohol content) through a breathalyzer

33
Q

Types of Sedative Hypnotics include:

A

-Barbiturates (sleeping pills)
-Non-Barbiturates
-Benzodiazepines

34
Q

drugs that activate inhibitory GABA-A receptors are

A

Sedative Hypnotics

35
Q

Types of stimulants include

A

-Nicotine (activates acetylcholine receptors)
-Cocaine and Crack (increase dopamine, serotonin, and norepinephrine)
-Amphetamines (increase dopamine, serotonin and norepinephrine) ex. meth, can treat ADHD and Narcolepsy
-increase heart rate and blood pressure

36
Q

Types of Narcotics include

A

-Opiates (acts on opiate receptors) ex. fentanyl, opium
-induce sleep and relieve pain

37
Q

a syndrome where people are misdiagnosed as being in a coma yet are actually awake and alert but can appear unconscious

A

Locked in syndrome

38
Q

circadian rhythm describe changes that occur on a

A

24-hour basis

39
Q

Melatonin

A

-triggers in feelings of sleepiness, increase after dark
-regulates circadian rhythms

40
Q

if one carries a mutation on a gene cal DEC2, that individual may be able to

A

get away with sleeping less than 6 hours

41
Q

We have 5 stages of sleep every night, the stage that involves one just starting to snore, beginning to see hipnagogic imagery (dreamlike images), may begin to suffer sudden jerks as if being startled is stage number

A

One

42
Q

We have 5 stages of sleep every night, the stage where our delta waves start to slow down is stage number

A

Three

43
Q

We have 5 stages of sleep every night, the stage where we get sudden bursts of sleep spindle and K complexes is stage number

A

Two

44
Q

Lucid dreaming is

A

being aware of when we’re dreaming

45
Q

acting out our dreams can be known as

A

REM behavior disorder

46
Q

T or F: Brief psychotherapy and sleeping pills can help with bad night terrors or trouble sleeping

A

True

47
Q

T or F: people with narcolepsy can experience cataplexy which is a complete loss of muscle tone

A

True

48
Q

T or F: Resting 24/7 can be used to treat apnea

A

False, its weight loss and enlarged tonsil surgery

49
Q

Freud believed dreams disguise

A

sexual and aggressive impulses

50
Q

a challenge to Freud’s dream theory is that

A

many dreams don’t appear to be disguised

51
Q

REM is turned on by surges of the neurotransmitter

A

acetylcholine

52
Q

an extraordinary sense of consciousness leaving ones body is called an

A

Out of Body Experience (OBE)

53
Q

massive releases of endorphines in a dying brain is known as a

A

Near Death Experience (NDE)

54
Q

Biological clock is a term that is responsible for

A

controlling our levels of alertness

55
Q

damages to what areas of the brain can affect dreaming

A

white matter and the parietal lobes

56
Q

hypnosis begins with

A

induction

Psychology 104 (6 decks)

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