Chapter 1: Psychology and Scientific Thinking Flashcards
The study of the mind, brain and behavior is known as
Psychology
Challenges of Psychology include:
-some concepts are difficult to determine
-its difficult to predict behavior
-influences may be unknown
-individuality and culture play a role
-people differ in terms of emotions, thinking etc
-psychological influences are rarely independent to eachother
Freud believed that
a psychopath had only ID and EGO
The ID is
being completely unconscious
The EGO is
our thinking, planning, and protectiveness of oneself
the SUPEREGO is
our morals and self imposed behavior
Freud spoke a lot about
sex and aggression
conflict between the ID and EGO causes..
psychological disturbances
a normal person should have ID, ____ and ___________
EGO;SUPEREGO
what helps us deal with conflict bewteen ID, EGO and SUPEREGO
defense mechanisms
the Father of Modern Psychology is
Wilhelm Wundt
Structuralism states that
the goal of psychology is to identify the most basic elements of the mind and to determine how they combine with each other
-the breaking down of structures
Functionalism states that..
functionalists focus on investigating the function or purpose of consciousness
-what is the function or purpose?
what was Wilhelm’s research tool?
introspection
Science is an..
-approach to evidence
-helps to control bias
-helps show us cause and effect relationships
-begins with empiricism (knowledge should be acquired through observation)
A psychologist that deals with depression, mental disorders
Clinical Psychologists
A psychologist that deals with temporary problems like stress
Counselling Psychologists
A psychologist that works with students
Educational Psychologists
A psychologist that studies ages, how babies are developed
Development Psychologists
A psychologist that works with the police
Forensic Psychologists
Workplace Psychologists
Industrial Psychologists
Patternicity is
the human tendency to see meaningless data
Naive Realism is..
the tendency to believe that our perception of the world is how it truly is
Confirmation Bias means…
we seek info that confirms what we believe and immediately deny or dismiss info that contradicts what we believe
the tendency to stick to our beliefs even when evidence contradicts them is known as
Belief Perseverance
An attempt to understand how thoughts feelings and behavior of individuals are influenced by the actual imagined or implied presence of others
-why we do what we do
is known as
Social Psychology
An example of cognitive psychology is
priming
Priming is to be..
exposed to something that impacts our behavior later but we don’t realize it ex. subliminal messages
in the biological approach we ask ourselves..
what impact does the brain have on behavior, looking at the brain itself
is looking back at the past to understand why we behave a certain way an example of this is Central premise which are traits passed down through DNA
Evolutionary Psychology
Metaphysical claims are claims about that world that
cannot be tested
A scientific theory is
a general statement about the relationship between 2 or more variables
a good scientific theory is..
1, supported by evidence
2.testable and falsifiable
3. an explanation
4.generate predictions for things that haven’t been observed
a testable prediction or statement designed to be tested by experiment, express and cause and effect relationship, and can confirm or dis confirm a theory is a
Hypothesis
