Chapter 7: Chemical Reactions: Energy, Rates, and Equilibrium Flashcards
potential energy
stored energy
kinetic energy
the energy of an object in motion
heat
a measure of the transfer of thermal energy
bond dissociation energy
the amount of energy that must be supplied to break a bond and separate the atoms in an isolated gaseous molecule; if this is greater, then it has a more stable chemical bond
endothermic
a process or reaction that absorbs heat (+H)
exothermic
a process or reaction that releases heat (-H)
heat of reaction/enthalpy change
the difference between the energy of bonds broken in reactants and the energy of bonds formed in products
enthalpy
a measure of the amount of energy associated with substances involved in a reaction
spontaneous process
a process or reaction that, once started, proceeds on its own without any external influence
entropy
a measure of the amount of molecular disorder in a system
entropy change (S)
a measure of the increase in disorder (+) or decrease in disorder (-) as a chemical reaction or physical change occurs
activation energy
the amount of energy needed for reactants to surmount the energy barrier to reaction; determines the reaction rate
reaction rate
a measure of how rapidly a reaction occurs
activation energy
the amount of energy needed for reactants to surmount the energy barrier to reaction; determines the reaction rate
reaction rate
a measure of how rapidly a reaction occurs
