Chapter 3: Ionic Compounds Flashcards
ion
an electrically charged atom or group of atoms made through gaining or losing electron(s)
cation
a positively charged ion through losing electron(s); metals; forming this decreases the ion’s radius
anion
a negatively charged ion through gaining electron(s); nonmetals; forming this increases the ion’s radius
ionization energy
the energy required to remove one electron from a single atom in the gaseous state; measures the ease with which an atom will lose an electron; decreases going down a group and/or from right to left across a period because as the valence electron(s) get farther from the nucleus they become easier to remove
electron affinity
the energy released on adding an electron to a single atom in the gaseous state; measures the ease with which an atom will release an electron; increases going left to right across a period
ionic bond
the electrical attractions between ions of opposite charge (anions and cations) in a crystal
ionic solid
a crystalline solid held together by ionic bonds
ionic compound
a compound that contains ionic bonds; formed from the simultaneous generation of both cations and anions; typically have repeating crystalline patterns, a very high melting/boiling point, are brittle, and dissolve in water to create a solution which conducts electricity very well
octet rule
main group elements tend to undergo reactions that leave them with eight valence electrons
polyatomic ion
an ion that is composed of more than one atom
formula unit
the formula that identifies the smallest neutral unit of an ionic compound
acid
a substance that provides H+ ions in water
base
a substance that provides OH- ions in water
ionic radius
increases down a group; decreases in formation of cations; increases in formation of anions
hydronium
(H3O)+
