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VCE Psychology 1/2 > Chapter 7 & Chapter 8 > Flashcards

Chapter 7 & Chapter 8 Flashcards

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1
Q

social cognition

A

how we perceive people, interpret, analyse and use information to judge people, explain attitude of people and mentally construct our social world

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2
Q

Cognitive bias

A

a type of systematic error in thinking

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3
Q

Schema

A

a concept that helps us organise information and interpret information

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4
Q

Person perception

A

how impressions are formed – mental processes that we use to form impressions and opinions of other people

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5
Q

Person Perception Types (4)

A

physical cues, body language, saliency detection, social categorisation

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6
Q

making attributions

A

the process in which we explain the causes of ours and others’ behaviours

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7
Q

types of attribution (2)

A

internal and external

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8
Q

internal attribution

A

attributing behavior to an internal factor, such as personality, ability, intellect
Sourced within the person

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9
Q

external attribution

A

factors not relating to the individual

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10
Q

fundamental attribution error

A

tendency to attribute other people’s behaviours to internal factors

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11
Q

actor observer bias

A

tendency to attribute our own behaviour to external factors but others to internal

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12
Q

Self-serving bias

A

tendency to attribute our successes to internal factors and failures to external

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13
Q

Attitude

A

an evaluation a person makes about an object, person, group, event or issue

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14
Q

Tri-component Model (ABC) of attitudes

A

Affective, behavioural and cognitive aspects and how they develop our attitude toward something

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15
Q

affective component:

A

emotional

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16
Q

behavioural component:

A

how you act on your emotions

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17
Q

cognitive component

A

how you think about the situation

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18
Q

limitations

A

a persons’s attitude and behaviours aren’t always consistent with one another

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19
Q

stereotypes

A

A collection of beliefs that we have about the people who belong to a certain group, regardless of individual differences among members of that group

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20
Q

why are stereotypes helpful

A

they can help us make quicker decisions

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20
Q

Ingroup/outgroups: a group you identify with and a group that you don’t

A

a group you identify with and a group that you don’t

21
Q

Cognitive dissonance:

A

When the cognitive and behavioural aspects do not line up

22
Q

Stigma:

A

a negative attitude against someone based on a distinguishing characteristic

23
Q

Prejudice:

A

the negative attitude people possess towards individuals based only on their membership of a group

24
Q

Old fashioned prejudice:

A

deliberate and overt prejudice

25
Q

Modern prejudice:

A

a more subtle form of prejudice that insinuates rejection while displaying acceptance

26
Q

Strategies to reduce prejudice:

A

sustained contact, mutual independence, equality, superordinate goal

27
Q

Discrimination:

A

the negative behaviour directed towards people or groups due to that prejudice. Occurs when prejudice leads to negative behaviour (especially illegal actions) directed towards the targets of prejudice.

28
Q

Social influence:

A

refers to how people change their behaviour or attitudes due to the direct or indirect influence that they encounter
Negative or positive, weak or strong

29
Q

Collective:

A

a collection of people who exert minimal influence on each other and don’t interact with every other person

30
Q

group

A

Two or more people who interact with and influence one another and work towards a common goal (4 conditions)

31
Q

4 conditions of a group

A
  1. Two or more people 2. Interact 3. Influence 4. Shared purpose
32
Q

status within a group

A

importance – perception of a member’s position as perceived by members of that group

33
Q

power within a group

A

REVIEW THE TABLE

34
Q

Role:

A

behaviour adopted by an individual that influences the way one acts, and can also influence power and status

35
Q

Groupthink

A

A way of thinking by individual members of a group characterised by a strong tendency to seek agreement when decision-making or problem-solving, thereby overriding any realistic consideration of possible alternative, better options

36
Q

Groupshift:

A

occurs when discussion leads a group to adopt attitudes or actions that are more extreme than the initial attitudes or actions of the individual group members

37
Q

Deindividuation

A

A psychological state of reduced self-consciousness and inhibition when in a crowd – could help explain the extreme behaviours some people exert in a group, like mob or gang related activity

38
Q

Anonymity:

A

makes individuals feel anonymous and less accountable, leading them to conform to behaviours they wouldn’t normally

39
Q

Collectivist culture:

A

prioritise group interests over individual desires, valuing long term relationships and community support

40
Q

Individualistic culture:

A

emphasise personal goals and self reliance

41
Q

Obedience

A

Occurs when we follow the commands of someone with authority, or the rules or laws of our society

42
Q

2 types of obedience

A

constructive and destructivec

43
Q

constructive obedience

A

occurs when there is compliance with the orders of an authority that results in a positive outcome.

44
Q

Destructive obedience

A

Occurs when there is compliance with the orders of an authority that results in a negative outcome

45
Q

conformity

A

The tendency to adjust one’s thoughts, feelings or behaviour so that they become more consistent with those of other people, or with accepted standards about how a person should behave in certain situations (i.e. social norms)

46
Q

factors influencing conformity

A

group size, unanimity, culture

47
Q

social loafing

A

tendency for people to exert less effort when pooling efforts towards a common goal

48
Q

Informational influence:

A

reliance on behaviours and info that others may have that we don’t

49
Q

Normative influence:

A

need to be socially accepted

50
Q

Stanford Prison Experiment

A

CHECK REVIEW SHEET

VCE Psychology 1/2 (5 decks)

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