Chapter 7 Cells Flashcards
Who discovered bacteria???
Anton van Leeuwenhoek
Who discovered cells???
Robert Hooke
Are cells like empty chambers????
No they are not, they contain a huge array of working parts each with its own function
What is the cell theory????
1. Cells are basic unit of life ( Anton van Leeuwenhoek ) 2. All plants are made up of cells ( Matthias shleiden) 3. All animals are made up cells ( Theodore Schwann) 4. New cells can be only produced only from the division of existing cells. ( Rudolf Virchow)
How does a light microscope work???????
A light microscopes allows light to pass throught the specimen and uses two lenses to form image
What is electronic microscope
Uses beams of electrons are focuses by magnetic fields offers higher resolutions
What are 2 types of electronic microscope
Transmission and scanning
Transmission electron microscope make it possible to explore cells structure and large protein molecules only 2d dimension
Scanning scans over the specimen suface and make 3d form pics
What is prokaryote cell
They do not separate there genetic material within nucleus , it’s bacteria!!!!!!!!!
What is eukaryotes
nucleus separates DNA from rest of cell ex: human animals plants
Defenition of cytoplasm
Material inside the membrane not including the nucleus
Defenetion of organells
Little organs of the cell
Defenetion of nucleus
The nucleus contains nearly all the cells DNA and with it the code it instructions for making proteins and other important molecule
Definition of vacuole
Vacuoles store materials like water salt proteins and carbohydrates
What are lysosomes
Lysosomes breakdown lipids carbohydrates and proteins into small molecules that can be used by the rest of the cell so they are also involved in breaking down organelles that they have outlived their usefulness
Definition of cytoskeleton
Eukaryotic cells are given their shape and internal organization by a network of protein filaments known as the cytoskeleton
Cytoskeleton helps the cell maintain its shape and also involved in movement
What is microfilaments
Microfilaments support this so it also help to cell move
What is microtubules
They helped the cell so keep it shape
What are centrioles
It helps organize cell division
What are ribosomes
Proteins are assembled on ribosomes
What is endoplsdmic reticulum
The endoplasmic reticulum is where lipid components of the cell membrane are assembled along with proteins and other materials that are exported from the cell basically it’s like a highway for the cell
What is the Goldy apparatus
Is the shipping and packaging of proteins in like a factory
What is a chloroplast
Chloroplast capture the energy from sunlight and converts it into food and that contains chemical energy in a process called photosynthesis
What is mitochondria
Mitochondria convert the chemical energy stored in food into compounds that are more convenient for the cell of these is basically the powerhouse of the cell
What does the cell wall do
It supports, shape, and protects cell
What is the cell membrane
All cells contain cell membrane which almost always are made up of double layered sheet called a lipid bilayer the cell membrane regulates what enters and leaves the cell and also protects and supports the cell
What is hydrophobic
Is the water hating part of the molecule
What is hydrophilic
Is the water loving part of the Molecule
What is passive transport
It’s with something moves from a lower concentration to a higher concentration without no energy
What is diffusion
Diffusion is the driving force behind the movement of my substance across the cell membrane
What is facilitated diffusion
In which molecules that cannot directly diffuse across the membrane pass through a special protein channels
What is aquaporins
Water channels
What is osmosis
Is the diffusion of water through a permarrable membrane
What is isotonic
Is the same amount of solute
What is hypertonic
It’s when it has high concentration inside the cell in the lower concentration outside the cell
What is hypotonic
It’s when there is Lower concentration inside of the cell in there is a higher concentration outside of the cell
What is osmotic pressure
Driven by difference in solution concentration the net movement of water out of or into a cell produces of course known as osmotic pressure
What is active transport
The movement of materials against a concentration difference is known as active transport using ATP for energy
What is Endocytosis
When the cell eat something
What is exocytosis
It’s when cell releases waste
What is phagocytosis
It’s when did eat something solid
What is Pinocytosis
It’s when the cell so eat something liquid
What is homeostasis
How it respond to the environment transform energy and reproduce
