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Biology Honors > Chapter 2 The Chemistry Of Life > Flashcards

Chapter 2 The Chemistry Of Life Flashcards

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0
Q

Which elements make up living things

A

Four elements make up 96% of the human body

Carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen.

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1
Q

What are elements

A

A substance that cannot be broken down into simpler substance

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2
Q

What is atom

A

The smallest particle of an element that has the characteristic of the element

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3
Q

What contains in the atoms structer

A 
Nucleus, Inside nucleus is protons and neutrons 
Outside nucleus is the electrons 
Protons + 
Neutrons /
Electrons -
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4
Q

What are isotopes

A

Atoms of the same element that differ in the numbers of neutrons they contain

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5
Q

What is a chemical compound

A

Substance formed by the chemical combination of two or more elements in definite proportions

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6
Q

What are the main type of chemical bonds

A

Ionic bond and covalent bond

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7
Q

What is a ionic bond

A

Formed when one or more electron are transferred from one atom to another.

Gaining or losing electrons

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8
Q

What are ions

A

Positively and negatively charged atoms

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9
Q

What is a covalent bond

A

That the moving electron actually travel about the nuclei of both atoms forming covalent bond
When two atoms share electrons

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10
Q

What is a molecule

A

Smallest unit of most compounds

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11
Q

Hydrogen bond

A

The attraction between a hydrogen atom with a partial positive charge and another atom with a partially negative charge

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12
Q

What is cohesion

A

Attraction between molecules of the same substance

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13
Q

What is adhesion

A

Attract between molecules of different substance

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14
Q

What is capillarity

A

The attraction between molecules that results on the ride of the surface of a liquid when in contact with a solid

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15
Q

What is heat capacity

A

Due to hydrogen bonding it takes a lot of heat to cause water ,molecules to move faster which raises it’s temperature
This allows large bodies of water to absorb a lot of heat with only small changes in temperature this protecting organism from drastic temp changed

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16
Q

What is mixture

A

A combination of substance in which indivuial substance retain their own properties

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17
Q

What is solution

A

A mixture in which one or more substance are distrubited evenly in other substances

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18
Q

What is solute

A

A substance dissolved in the solvent

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19
Q

What is solvent

A

The substance were the solute is dissolved

20
Q

What is suspension

A

Mixtures of water and no dissolved material are.

21
Q

What is ph scale

A

Chemists devised a measurement system
How acidic or baseic a solution is

Scale with values ranging from 0-14

22
Q

What is acid

A

Any substance that form hydrogen ions in a solution like water

23
Q

What is base

A

Any substance that form hydroxide ions in water which is a solution

24
Q

What are buffers

A

Chemical substance that neutralize small amounts of either on acid or base
Any substance that changes color in the presence of an acid or base

25
Q

What is heat capacity

A

Heat capacity is basically a proportionality constant. For any substance, the heat capacity tells you how much the temperature of the substance will change when you add a specific amount of heat.

26
Q

What is a carbon compound

A

All compounds can be splits into two broad categories organic and inorganic
Organic compounds made of carbon atoms
Inorganic compounds no carbon atoms

Carbon can bond with 4 elements hydrogen, oxygen, phosphorus, sulfur, and nitrogen

27
Q

What is macromolecules

A

Made from thousands of smaller molecules are formed by process called polymerization in which large compounds are built by joining smallers one together

28
Q

What are monomers

A

Join together to form polymers

29
Q

What are carbohydrates

A

Are compunds made up of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen
Living things use carbohydrates as their main source of energy.

Common names; Sugar and starch plants, glyongnies, animals
Function of examples: energy and energy storage
Monomers: monosaccharides
Name of bonds between monomers: glycosidic bond
Chemical elements: carbon ,hydro , oxygen

30
Q

What are lipids

A

Can be used to storage energy some lipids are important parts of biological membranes and waterproof covering
Common names: fats, oils, insoluble in water , waxes
Function of example water proof , energy storage
Monomers: fatty acids
Name of bond between monomers: ester bond
Chemical elements: carbon, hydrogen, oxygen

31
Q

What are proteins

A

Common names: collagen, insulin, pepsin
Function of examples:collagen, keratin, pepsin, insulin
Monomers: amino acid
Name of bonds: peptide bond
Chemical element: carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen , sulfur

32
Q

What are nucleic acids

A

Common name: RNA, DNA
Function of example store genetic codes
Monomers: phosphorus bonds
Chemical elements: carbon hydrogen, phosphorus, nitrogen, oxygen

33
Q

What is disaccharide

A

When 2 monosaccharides link together

34
Q

What is polysaccharides

A

Many monosaccharides linked

35
Q

What is starch

A

Made up of glucose used as food storage by plants

36
Q

What is glycogen

A

Made up of glocose used as food storage by animals

37
Q

What is cellulose

A

Made of glucose forms plants cell walls

38
Q

What’s does hydro mean

A

Water

39
Q

What does lysomes mean

A

Break apart

40
Q

What are nucleic acid

A

A complex organic molecule necessary for life

Stores information in cells in the code form
They are made up of smaller sub units called nucleotide

41
Q

What happens in chemical reaction

A

Bonds are formed or broken and substances change into diffrent substance

42
Q

The combustion of methane in oxygen

A

Ch4+ 2o2———>co2 + 2h2o

43
Q

What is activation energy

A

To get the reaction started

44
Q

What’s a catalyst

A

Speeds up the chemical reaction

45
Q

What is enzymes

A

Speeds up chemical reaction that takes place IN the cell

46
Q

What are substrate

A

The reactants of enzymes catalyze reactions.

47
Q

The basic unit of matter is the

A

Atom

48
Q

A substance made up of only one kind of atom is an

A

Element

Biology Honors (9 decks)

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