Chapter 2 The Chemistry Of Life

Question 0

Which elements make up living things

Answer 0

Four elements make up 96% of the human body

Carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen.

Question 1

What are elements

Answer 1

A substance that cannot be broken down into simpler substance

Question 2

What is atom

Answer 2

The smallest particle of an element that has the characteristic of the element

Question 3

What contains in the atoms structer

Answer 3

Nucleus, Inside nucleus is protons and neutrons 
Outside nucleus is the electrons 
Protons + 
Neutrons /
Electrons -

Question 4

What are isotopes

Answer 4

Atoms of the same element that differ in the numbers of neutrons they contain

Question 5

What is a chemical compound

Answer 5

Substance formed by the chemical combination of two or more elements in definite proportions

Question 6

What are the main type of chemical bonds

Answer 6

Ionic bond and covalent bond

Question 7

What is a ionic bond

Answer 7

Formed when one or more electron are transferred from one atom to another.

Gaining or losing electrons

Question 8

What are ions

Answer 8

Positively and negatively charged atoms

Question 9

What is a covalent bond

Answer 9

That the moving electron actually travel about the nuclei of both atoms forming covalent bond
When two atoms share electrons

Question 10

What is a molecule

Answer 10

Smallest unit of most compounds

Question 11

Hydrogen bond

Answer 11

The attraction between a hydrogen atom with a partial positive charge and another atom with a partially negative charge

Question 12

What is cohesion

Answer 12

Attraction between molecules of the same substance

Question 13

What is adhesion

Answer 13

Attract between molecules of different substance

Question 14

What is capillarity

Answer 14

The attraction between molecules that results on the ride of the surface of a liquid when in contact with a solid

Question 15

What is heat capacity

Answer 15

Due to hydrogen bonding it takes a lot of heat to cause water ,molecules to move faster which raises it’s temperature
This allows large bodies of water to absorb a lot of heat with only small changes in temperature this protecting organism from drastic temp changed

Question 16

What is mixture

Answer 16

A combination of substance in which indivuial substance retain their own properties

Question 17

What is solution

Answer 17

A mixture in which one or more substance are distrubited evenly in other substances

Question 18

What is solute

Answer 18

A substance dissolved in the solvent

Question 19

What is solvent

Answer 19

The substance were the solute is dissolved

Question 20

What is suspension

Answer 20

Mixtures of water and no dissolved material are.

Question 21

What is ph scale

Answer 21

Chemists devised a measurement system
How acidic or baseic a solution is

Scale with values ranging from 0-14

Question 22

What is acid

Answer 22

Any substance that form hydrogen ions in a solution like water

Question 23

What is base

Answer 23

Any substance that form hydroxide ions in water which is a solution

Question 24

What are buffers

Answer 24

Chemical substance that neutralize small amounts of either on acid or base Any substance that changes color in the presence of an acid or base

Question 25

What is heat capacity

Answer 25

Heat capacity is basically a proportionality constant. For any substance, the heat capacity tells you how much the temperature of the substance will change when you add a specific amount of heat.

Question 26

What is a carbon compound

Answer 26

All compounds can be splits into two broad categories organic and inorganic Organic compounds made of carbon atoms Inorganic compounds no carbon atoms Carbon can bond with 4 elements hydrogen, oxygen, phosphorus, sulfur, and nitrogen

Question 27

What is macromolecules

Answer 27

Made from thousands of smaller molecules are formed by process called polymerization in which large compounds are built by joining smallers one together

Question 28

What are monomers

Answer 28

Join together to form polymers

Question 29

What are carbohydrates

Answer 29

Are compunds made up of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen Living things use carbohydrates as their main source of energy. Common names; Sugar and starch plants, glyongnies, animals Function of examples: energy and energy storage Monomers: monosaccharides Name of bonds between monomers: glycosidic bond Chemical elements: carbon ,hydro , oxygen

Question 30

What are lipids

Answer 30

Can be used to storage energy some lipids are important parts of biological membranes and waterproof covering Common names: fats, oils, insoluble in water , waxes Function of example water proof , energy storage Monomers: fatty acids Name of bond between monomers: ester bond Chemical elements: carbon, hydrogen, oxygen

Question 31

What are proteins

Answer 31

Common names: collagen, insulin, pepsin Function of examples:collagen, keratin, pepsin, insulin Monomers: amino acid Name of bonds: peptide bond Chemical element: carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen , sulfur

Question 32

What are nucleic acids

Answer 32

Common name: RNA, DNA Function of example store genetic codes Monomers: phosphorus bonds Chemical elements: carbon hydrogen, phosphorus, nitrogen, oxygen

Question 33

What is disaccharide

Answer 33

When 2 monosaccharides link together

Question 34

What is polysaccharides

Answer 34

Many monosaccharides linked

Question 35

What is starch

Answer 35

Made up of glucose used as food storage by plants

Question 36

What is glycogen

Answer 36

Made up of glocose used as food storage by animals

Question 37

What is cellulose

Answer 37

Made of glucose forms plants cell walls

Question 38

What's does hydro mean

Answer 38

Water

Question 39

What does lysomes mean

Answer 39

Break apart

Question 40

What are nucleic acid

Answer 40

A complex organic molecule necessary for life Stores information in cells in the code form They are made up of smaller sub units called nucleotide

Question 41

What happens in chemical reaction

Answer 41

Bonds are formed or broken and substances change into diffrent substance

Question 42

The combustion of methane in oxygen

Answer 42

Ch4+ 2o2--------->co2 + 2h2o

Question 43

What is activation energy

Answer 43

To get the reaction started

Question 44

What's a catalyst

Answer 44

Speeds up the chemical reaction

Question 45

What is enzymes

Answer 45

Speeds up chemical reaction that takes place IN the cell

Question 46

What are substrate

Answer 46

The reactants of enzymes catalyze reactions.

Question 47

The basic unit of matter is the

Answer 47

Atom

Question 48

A substance made up of only one kind of atom is an

Answer 48

Element