Chapter 3 and 4 Flashcards
What is ecosphere
Ecosystem interacting
What is biosphere
consists of all life on earth and all parts of the earth in which life exists including, land, water and atmosphere
Simply the portion of the earth that supports life
What are the parts of biosphere
Hydro: water
Eco:
Atmo:
Litho:
What is biotic factors
All of living organism
What is abiotic
Non living
What is a species
A group of similar organisms that can breed and produce fertile offspring
What is population
A group of individual that belongs to the same species and live in the same area
What is community
Made up of several population
What is ecosystem
Interaction between population and their physical surrounding
What is biome
Is a group of ecosystem that share similar climates and typical organism
What is ecology
Is the scientific study of interaction among organisms and between organism and their physical environments
What methods are used in geological studies
Regardless of their tools modern ecologist use 3 methods in their work: observation, experimentation, and modeling each rely on scientific methodology to guide inquiry
What is heterophs
Need to consume other organism
What is autotrophs
They photosynthesis and chemosynthesis
Make their own foods
Who’s are primary producers
Primary producers are the first producers of energy rich compounds that are later used by other organism s
What is photosynthesis
Can capture light energy and use it to power chemical reactions
What is chemosynthesis
Chemical energy is used to produce carbohydrates
What are the steps of food chains
Producers: make there own food ( plants, plankton)
Primary: consumers feed on producers ( herbivores)
Secondary consumers: feed on primary consumer ( carnivores)
What is a food chain
Is a series of steps in which organism transfers energy by eating and being eaten
What is a food web
Network of feeding interaction, many food chains in one.
What is the tropic level
Each step in a food chain or food web is called a trophic level
What is the ecological pyramid
Shows the relative amount of energy or matter contained within each trophich level in a given food chain or food web Three types of pyramids: Pyramid of energy Pyramids of biomass Pyramid of numbers
What is a biomass
The total amount of living tissues within a given trophic level
What is in the food pyramid
Producer, primary, consumers, secondary consumers, tertiary etc.
Energy flow????
Energy flows in one direction and is not recycled, it’s passes on only 10% is taken In each time
How does matter move through the biosphere
Unlike the one- way flow of energy, MATTER is recycled within and between ecosystem
What is bio geochemical cycles
Elements pass from one organism to another and among parts of the biosphere through closed loops
What is biological process
Consists of any and all activities performed by living organism , these process includes breathing, burning food and eliminating waste products
What is geological process
Includes volcano eruptions the formation oaks breaking down of rocks and major movements of matter within and below the suface of earth
What is chemical and physical process
Includes the formation of clouds and participation, flow of water and action In Lightning
What is human activity
Affect the globally by clearing forest, burning fossil fuel
What is the water cycle
Participation, condensation, transpiration, evaporation, filtration, runoff,
How does biochemical cycle work ( nutrients cycle)
Co2, photosynthesis, respiration, co2 decomposes
What is nitrogen fixation
Bacteria converts nitrogen gas into ammonia
What is denitrification
Bacteria obtains energy by converting nitrates into nitrogen gas which is released into the atmosphere
What is limiting nutrients
A single essential nutrients is in short supply, primary productivity will be limited the nutrients whose apply limits productivity
What is weather
Is the day to day condition of earths atmosphere
What is climate
Average conditions over long period of time year after year climate pattern
What is the green house affect
Function like glass in a greenhouse, allowing visible light to enter but trapping heat
What is tolerance in science ???
The ability to survive and reproduce under a range of environmental circumstances
What is habitat
The general place where an organism lives
What is niche
Is the range of physical and biological condition in which a species lives and the way the species obtains what it needs to survive and reproduce
What is competitive exclusion principle
States that no two species can occupy exactly the same habitat at the same time.
What is herbivory
Can affects both the size and distrution of plant population in a community and determine the place that certain plants can survive and grow
What is keystone species
Change in the population of a single species.
What is symbiosis
Living together, any relationship in which two species live closely toegether.
What is mutualism
The type relationship between species in which both benifits each other.
What is parasitism
Where one organism is harmed and one is benefitted
What is commensalism
Wher one organism is benifits and one is neither helped or harmed
Water cycle the movement of water from atmosphere back to earth true or false
True
Carbon cycle
Produced by animals and burning of fossil fuel used by plants
What is ecological succession
A series of more or less predictable changes that occurs Ina community over time
What is primary succession.
Succession that begins in an area with no remnants of an older community
What is pioneer species
First species to colonize barren area
What is secondary succession
Where a disturbance affect the community without completely destroying it
What is the photic zone
The sunlit region near the surface in which photosynthesis can occur
What is the aphotic zone
Below the photic zone , where photosynthesis can not occur
What is benthic zone
Where it’s in the bottom and chemosynthesis happen
What is a wetland
Is an ecosystem in which water either covers the soil or is present at or near the surface for at least part of the year
What is a estuary
A special type of wet land where a river meets the sea
- Shelf
- Slope
- Rise
First three in photic zone!!!!!!!!! - Abssyal plain lack of light and there is pressure
- Trench
In the aphotic zone!!!! - Benthos zone no light, lie freezing temperature and high pressure
True
What is climax species
No predator , take down completion
What is aquatic organism affected by
Water depth, temp, flow, amount of dissolved nutrients
Which is considered as fresh water
Rivers, streams, lakes, ponds, wetland
What is considered as estuary
Mixed fresh and salt water important fish nursery ground
The whole process of study of ecology
1. Biome
/ \
Abiotic biotic
/
Habitat ------community
/
Population--- species
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OrganismsAn ecologist who is studing a group of ecosystem that have similar climates and are home to similar organism is studying ________
bioem
Ecologist can make _____ using ecological models
Predictions
Producers release _______ into the atmosphere during the process of photosynthesis
Oxygen
Scientist classify the nitrogen, carbon, phosphorus and water cycle as
Bio geochemical cycles
The burning of fossil fuel and photosynthesis are part of the _____ cycle
Carbon
Aquatic ecosystem can receive a large input of limiting nutrients from the runoff from heavy fertilized fields
True
