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Biology Honors > Chapter 3 and 4 > Flashcards

Chapter 3 and 4 Flashcards

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0
Q

What is ecosphere

A

Ecosystem interacting

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1
Q

What is biosphere

A

consists of all life on earth and all parts of the earth in which life exists including, land, water and atmosphere

Simply the portion of the earth that supports life

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2
Q

What are the parts of biosphere

A

Hydro: water
Eco:
Atmo:
Litho:

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3
Q

What is biotic factors

A

All of living organism

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4
Q

What is abiotic

A

Non living

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5
Q

What is a species

A

A group of similar organisms that can breed and produce fertile offspring

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6
Q

What is population

A

A group of individual that belongs to the same species and live in the same area

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7
Q

What is community

A

Made up of several population

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8
Q

What is ecosystem

A

Interaction between population and their physical surrounding

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9
Q

What is biome

A

Is a group of ecosystem that share similar climates and typical organism

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10
Q

What is ecology

A

Is the scientific study of interaction among organisms and between organism and their physical environments

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11
Q

What methods are used in geological studies

A

Regardless of their tools modern ecologist use 3 methods in their work: observation, experimentation, and modeling each rely on scientific methodology to guide inquiry

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12
Q

What is heterophs

A

Need to consume other organism

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13
Q

What is autotrophs

A

They photosynthesis and chemosynthesis

Make their own foods

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14
Q

Who’s are primary producers

A

Primary producers are the first producers of energy rich compounds that are later used by other organism s

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15
Q

What is photosynthesis

A

Can capture light energy and use it to power chemical reactions

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16
Q

What is chemosynthesis

A

Chemical energy is used to produce carbohydrates

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17
Q

What are the steps of food chains

A

Producers: make there own food ( plants, plankton)
Primary: consumers feed on producers ( herbivores)
Secondary consumers: feed on primary consumer ( carnivores)

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18
Q

What is a food chain

A

Is a series of steps in which organism transfers energy by eating and being eaten

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19
Q

What is a food web

A

Network of feeding interaction, many food chains in one.

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20
Q

What is the tropic level

A

Each step in a food chain or food web is called a trophic level

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21
Q

What is the ecological pyramid

A 
Shows the relative amount of energy or matter contained within each trophich level in a given food chain or food web 
 Three types of pyramids: 
Pyramid of energy 
Pyramids of biomass
Pyramid of numbers
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22
Q

What is a biomass

A

The total amount of living tissues within a given trophic level

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23
Q

What is in the food pyramid

A

Producer, primary, consumers, secondary consumers, tertiary etc.

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24
Q

Energy flow????

A

Energy flows in one direction and is not recycled, it’s passes on only 10% is taken In each time

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25
Q

How does matter move through the biosphere

A

Unlike the one- way flow of energy, MATTER is recycled within and between ecosystem

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26
Q

What is bio geochemical cycles

A

Elements pass from one organism to another and among parts of the biosphere through closed loops

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27
Q

What is biological process

A

Consists of any and all activities performed by living organism , these process includes breathing, burning food and eliminating waste products

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28
Q

What is geological process

A

Includes volcano eruptions the formation oaks breaking down of rocks and major movements of matter within and below the suface of earth

29
Q

What is chemical and physical process

A

Includes the formation of clouds and participation, flow of water and action In Lightning

30
Q

What is human activity

A

Affect the globally by clearing forest, burning fossil fuel

31
Q

What is the water cycle

A

Participation, condensation, transpiration, evaporation, filtration, runoff,

32
Q

How does biochemical cycle work ( nutrients cycle)

A

Co2, photosynthesis, respiration, co2 decomposes

33
Q

What is nitrogen fixation

A

Bacteria converts nitrogen gas into ammonia

34
Q

What is denitrification

A

Bacteria obtains energy by converting nitrates into nitrogen gas which is released into the atmosphere

35
Q

What is limiting nutrients

A

A single essential nutrients is in short supply, primary productivity will be limited the nutrients whose apply limits productivity

36
Q

What is weather

A

Is the day to day condition of earths atmosphere

37
Q

What is climate

A

Average conditions over long period of time year after year climate pattern

38
Q

What is the green house affect

A

Function like glass in a greenhouse, allowing visible light to enter but trapping heat

39
Q

What is tolerance in science ???

A

The ability to survive and reproduce under a range of environmental circumstances

40
Q

What is habitat

A

The general place where an organism lives

41
Q

What is niche

A

Is the range of physical and biological condition in which a species lives and the way the species obtains what it needs to survive and reproduce

42
Q

What is competitive exclusion principle

A

States that no two species can occupy exactly the same habitat at the same time.

43
Q

What is herbivory

A

Can affects both the size and distrution of plant population in a community and determine the place that certain plants can survive and grow

44
Q

What is keystone species

A

Change in the population of a single species.

45
Q

What is symbiosis

A

Living together, any relationship in which two species live closely toegether.

46
Q

What is mutualism

A

The type relationship between species in which both benifits each other.

47
Q

What is parasitism

A

Where one organism is harmed and one is benefitted

48
Q

What is commensalism

A

Wher one organism is benifits and one is neither helped or harmed

49
Q

Water cycle the movement of water from atmosphere back to earth true or false

A

True

50
Q

Carbon cycle

A

Produced by animals and burning of fossil fuel used by plants

51
Q

What is ecological succession

A

A series of more or less predictable changes that occurs Ina community over time

52
Q

What is primary succession.

A

Succession that begins in an area with no remnants of an older community

53
Q

What is pioneer species

A

First species to colonize barren area

54
Q

What is secondary succession

A

Where a disturbance affect the community without completely destroying it

55
Q

What is the photic zone

A

The sunlit region near the surface in which photosynthesis can occur

56
Q

What is the aphotic zone

A

Below the photic zone , where photosynthesis can not occur

57
Q

What is benthic zone

A

Where it’s in the bottom and chemosynthesis happen

58
Q

What is a wetland

A

Is an ecosystem in which water either covers the soil or is present at or near the surface for at least part of the year

59
Q

What is a estuary

A

A special type of wet land where a river meets the sea

60
Q
  1. Shelf
  2. Slope
  3. Rise
    First three in photic zone!!!!!!!!!
  4. Abssyal plain lack of light and there is pressure
  5. Trench
    In the aphotic zone!!!!
  6. Benthos zone no light, lie freezing temperature and high pressure
A

True

61
Q

What is climax species

A

No predator , take down completion

62
Q

What is aquatic organism affected by

A

Water depth, temp, flow, amount of dissolved nutrients

63
Q

Which is considered as fresh water

A

Rivers, streams, lakes, ponds, wetland

64
Q

What is considered as estuary

A

Mixed fresh and salt water important fish nursery ground

65
Q

The whole process of study of ecology

A 
1.     Biome
      /         \
    Abiotic biotic 
      /
 Habitat ------community 
                            /
                         Population--- species 
                             /
                       Organisms
66
Q

An ecologist who is studing a group of ecosystem that have similar climates and are home to similar organism is studying ________

A

bioem

67
Q

Ecologist can make _____ using ecological models

A

Predictions

68
Q

Producers release _______ into the atmosphere during the process of photosynthesis

A

Oxygen

69
Q

Scientist classify the nitrogen, carbon, phosphorus and water cycle as

A

Bio geochemical cycles

70
Q

The burning of fossil fuel and photosynthesis are part of the _____ cycle

A

Carbon

71
Q

Aquatic ecosystem can receive a large input of limiting nutrients from the runoff from heavy fertilized fields

A

True

Biology Honors (9 decks)

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