Chapter 7-Cells

Question 0

Cells

Answer 0

Basic units of life

Question 1

Name the people important in the microscope world and why

Answer 1

Etc.

Question 2

Cell theory

Answer 2

• all living things are composed of cells
• cells are the basic units of structure and function in living things
• new cells are produced by existing cells

Question 3

Nucleus

Answer 3

Large membrane-enclosed structure that contains the cell’s genetic material (DNA) controls the cell’s activities
-contains nearly all the cell’s DNA and with it the codes instructions for making proteins and other important molecules

Question 4

Eukaryotes

Answer 4

Cells with a nucleus

Question 5

Prokaryotes

Answer 5

Cells without nuclei

-have genetic material not contained in a nucleus

Question 6

Organelles

Answer 6

Structures with specific functions

Act as if they are specialized organs

Question 7

Cytoplasm

Answer 7

Portion of the cell outside the nucleus; jellylike

Question 8

Nuclear envelope

Answer 8

Composed of two membranes

Dotted with thousands of nuclear pores which allow material to move into and out of the nucleus

Question 9

Chromatin

Answer 9

Granular material you see in the nucleus

-consists of DNA bound to protein

Question 10

Chromosomes

Answer 10

Distinct, threadlike structures with genetic information that is passed from on generation of cells to the next

Question 11

Nucleolus

Answer 11

Small, dense region where the assembly of ribosomes ones begins

Question 12

Ribosomes

Answer 12

Proteins are assembled on ribosomes, small particles of RNA and protein found throughout the cytoplasm

Question 13

Endoplasmic reticulum

Answer 13

Internal membrane system where lipid components of the cell membrane are assembled, along with proteins and other materials that are exported from the cell o

Question 14

Rough E.R

Answer 14

Involved in the synthesis of proteins
Has ribosomes on it
Newly made proteins leave these ribosomes and are inserted into the rough ER, where they may be chemically modified
-proteins that are released, or exported, from the cell are synthesized on the rough ER, as are many membrane proteins
-abundant in cells that produce large amounts of protein for export

Question 15

Smooth ER

Answer 15

No ribosomes on it
Contains collections of enzymes that perform specialized tasks, including the synthesis of membrane lipids and the detoxification of drugs

Question 16

Golgi apparatus

Answer 16

Proteins produced in the rough ER then move to the Golgi apparatus
Modifies, sorts, and packages proteins and other materials from the Endoplasmic reticulum for storage in the cell or secretion outside the cell
-Finishing touches

Question 17

Lysosomes

Answer 17

Cleanup crew
Small organelles filled with enzymes
Digests, or breaks down, lipids carbohydrates, and proteins into small molecules that can be used by the rest of the cell
Breaks down organelles that have outlived their usefulness

Question 18

Vacuoles

Answer 18

Storage
Saclike structures that store materials such as water, salts, proteins, and carbohydrates
Plants, unicellular, and animals

Question 19

Contractile vacuole

Answer 19

The specialized vacuole pumps excess water out of the cell

Important for homeostasis

Question 20

Mitochondria

Answer 20

Organelles that convert the chemical energy stored in food into compounds that are more convenient for the cell to use
Enclosed by two membranes- an outer and an inner
-comes from mommy!

Question 21

Chloroplasts

Answer 21

Organelles that capture energy from sunlight and convert it into chemical energy in a process called photosynthesis
Solar power plants
Two membranes
Chlorophyll
*chloroplasts and mitochondria have their own genetic information in the form of small DNA molecules

Question 22

Cytoskeleton

Answer 22

Eukaryotic cells are given their shape and internal organization by this supporting structure
*network of protein filaments that helps the cell to maintain its shape
Also involved in movement

Question 23

Microfilaments

Answer 23

Threadlike structures made of protein called actin
Form extensive networks in some cells and produce a tough, flexible framework that supports the cell
-also helps cells move
-microfilament assembly and disassembly is responsible for the cytoplasmic movements that allow cells to crawl along surfaces

Question 24

Microtubules

Answer 24

Hollow structures made up of proteins known as tubulins. They play critical roles in maintaining cell shape. Important in cell division where they form a structure known as the mitotic spindle, which helps to separate chromosomes
READ

Question 25

Centrioles

Answer 25

Located near the nucleus and help to organize cell division

NOT FOUND IN PLANT CELLS