12

Question 0

Transformation

Answer 0

One strain of bacteria (harmless) had apparently been changed permanently into another (the disease causing)

Question 1

Griffith

Answer 1

Bacteria, discovered things

Question 2

Avery

Answer 2

Discovered that the nucleic acid DNA stores and transmits the genetic information from one generation of an organism to the next

Question 3

Hershey-Chase

Answer 3

studied viruses, nonliving particles smaller than a cell that can infect organisms
-discovered radiation in bacteriophage phosphorous-32 in bacterium

Question 4

Bacteriophage

Answer 4

“Bacteria eater” virus that infects bacteria

Question 5

Genes must do which four things

Answer 5

1. ) carry information from one generation to the next
2. ) put that information to work by determining the heritable characteristics of organisms
3. ) genes had to be easily copied
4. ) capable of mutation
   * dna does this all*

Question 6

Nucleotides

Answer 6

DNA is a long molecule made up of these units

5-carbon sugar, phosphate, nitrogenous base

Question 7

Purines

Answer 7

Have two rings (adenine and guanine)

Question 8

Pyrimidines

Answer 8

One ring- cytosine and thymine

Question 9

Backbone of DNA

Answer 9

Formed by sugar and phosphate

Question 10

Chargaff’s rules

Answer 10

Found that G = C and A= T

Question 11

Franklin

Answer 11

X-Ray diffraction

Showed that DNA stands are twisted around each other and that nitrogenous bases are near the center

Question 12

Watson and crick

Answer 12

Figured out hydrogen bonds and the double helix using franklin’s work

Question 13

Base pairing

Answer 13

Watson and crick found that every base has exactly another; explained chargaff’s rules

Question 14

Two stands are said to be…

Answer 14

Antiparallel (facing opposite directions)

Question 15

Prokaryotes have DNA in the…

Answer 15

Cytoplasm

Question 16

Most eukaryotes have as much as___times the amount of DNA as prokaryotes

Answer 16

1000

Question 17

DNA molecule must be folded into a space..

Answer 17

Only one thousandth of its length

Question 18

Chromatin

Answer 18

Eukaryotic chromosomes contain both DNA and protein, tightly packed together to form chromatin

Question 19

Histones

Answer 19

Chromatin consists of DNA tightly coiled around proteins called Histones

Question 20

Nucleoside

Answer 20

DNA and Histones molecules together form this headline structure

Question 21

Complementary

Answer 21

DNA strands are said to be complementary because each strand of DNA can be used to make the other strand

Question 22

Replication forks

Answer 22

The sites where separation and replication occur

Question 23

Replication

Answer 23

Copying process that duplicates DNA before a cell divides

Question 24

DNA polymerase

Answer 24

The principal enzyme involved in DNA replication because it joins individual nucleotides to produce a DNA molecule which is a polymer
-also proofreads each new DNA strand helping to maximize the odds that each molecule is a perfect copy of the original

Question 25

Semi conservative replication

Answer 25

The form of replication where each double helix contains one old strand acting as a template for the making of a new strand

Question 26

Single stranded DNA binding protein

Answer 26

Stabilizes unwound strand of DNA

Question 27

Topoisomerase

Answer 27

Prevents supercooling

Question 28

Ligase

Answer 28

Replaces RNA bases with DNA “glue” together Okazaki fragments

Question 29

DNA in prokaryotes is generally..

Answer 29

A single circular molecule