Chapter 2- The Chemistry Of Life

Question 0

Nucleus

Answer 0

Center of the atom (control center)

Question 1

Atom

Answer 1

Basic unit of matter

Subatomic particles that make up atoms are protons, neutrons, and electrons

Question 2

Electron

Answer 2

Negatively charged particle with 1/1840 mass of a proton

Question 3

Element

Answer 3

Pure substance that consists entirely of one type of atom

Question 4

Isotopes

Answer 4

Atoms of the same element that differing the number of neutrons
(Because they have the same number of electrons, all isotopes of an element have the same chemical properties)

Question 5

Mass number

Answer 5

Sum of the protons and neutrons in the nucleus of an atom

Question 6

Compound

Answer 6

Substance that is the chemical combination of two or more elements in definite proportions

Question 7

Ionic bond

Answer 7

Formed when one or more electrons are transferred from one atom to another

Question 8

Ions

Answer 8

Positively and negatively charged atoms

Question 9

Covalent bond

Answer 9

Forms when electrons are shared between atoms

Question 10

Molecule

Answer 10

Smallest unit of most compounds

• a group of atoms bonded together, representing the smallest fundamental unit of a chemical compound that can take part in a chemical reaction
• molecule - two or more atoms that are chemically joined together (H2, O2, H2O, etc…)
• atoms that are joined together by covalent bonds

Question 11

Van see waals forces

Answer 11

When molecules are close together, a slight attraction can develop between the oppositely charged regions of nearby molecules. The attraction of such intermolecular forces is called..

Question 12

Cohesion

Answer 12

Attraction between molecules of the same substance

Question 13

Adhesion

Answer 13

Attraction of molecules of different substances

Question 14

Mixture

Answer 14

Material compound of two or more elements or compounds physically mixed but not chemically combined

Question 15

Solution

Answer 15

All the components are evenly distributed throughout a solution

Question 16

Solute

Answer 16

The substance that is dissolved

Question 17

Solvent

Answer 17

The substance in which the solute dissolves

Question 18

Suspensions

Answer 18

Non dissolved material

Question 19

pH scale

Answer 19

Used to indicate the concentration of H+ ions in a solution

Question 20

Acid

Answer 20

Any compound that forms H+ ions in solution

Question 21

Base

Answer 21

Compound that produces hydroxide ions (OH- ions) in a solution

Question 22

Buffers

Answer 22

Weak acids or bases that can react with strong acids or bases to prevent sharp, sudden changes in pH

Question 23

Macromolecules

Answer 23

Giant molecules

Question 24

Polymerization

Answer 24

Large compounds are built by joining smaller ones together. Smaller unit monomer join to for polymers.

Question 25

Carbohydrates

Answer 25

Compounds made up of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen atoms, in the ratio 1:2:1 usually.-living things use carbohydrates as their main source of energy. Plants and some animals also use carbohydrates for structural purposes

Question 26

Monosaccharides

Answer 26

Single sugar molecules

Question 27

Polysaccharides

Answer 27

Larger macromolecules formed from monosaccharides

Question 28

Lipids

Answer 28

Made mostly from hydrogen and carbon atoms - fats, oils, and waxes - lipids can be used to store energy. Some are important biological membranes and waterproof coverings

Question 29

Nucleus acids

Answer 29

Macromolecules containing hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, phosphorous, and carbon Polymers assembled from individual monomers called

Question 30

Nucleotides

Answer 30

Consist of three parts: a 5-carbon sugar, a phosphate group, and a nitrogenous base. Two types of nucleic acids: DNA and RNA

Question 31

Proteins

Answer 31

Macromolecules that contain nitrogen carbon hydrogen and oxygen

Question 32

Amino acids

Answer 32

Proteins are polymers of molecules called amino acids

Question 33

Mass number

Answer 33

Sum of the protons and neutrons

Question 34

Atomic mass

Answer 34

Weighted average of the masses of an element's isotopes

Question 35

What causes the water molecule to be polar

Answer 35

The unequal sharing of electrons

Question 36

Why is a water molecule polar

Answer 36

Because there is an uneven distribution of electrons between the oxygen and hydrogen atoms

Question 37

Polar molecule

Answer 37

Molecule in which the charges are unevenly distributed

Question 38

Hydrogen bond

Answer 38

The attraction between the hydrogen atom on one water molecule and the oxygen atom on another water molecule (single water molecule may be involved in as many as 4 at a time)

Question 39

Capillary action

Answer 39

One of the forces that draw water out of the roots of a plant and up into its stems and leaves

Question 40

Amino acids

Answer 40

Molecules that make up proteins | -amino group and carboxyl group

Question 41

What do proteins do

Answer 41

Help carry out chemical reactions, transport small molecules in and out of cells, and fight diseases, some control the rate of reaction and regulate cel processes, some form bone and muscles

Question 42

R-group

Answer 42

Portion of amino acid that is different