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Biology > Chapter 2- The Chemistry Of Life > Flashcards

Chapter 2- The Chemistry Of Life Flashcards

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0
Q

Nucleus

A

Center of the atom (control center)

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1
Q

Atom

A

Basic unit of matter

Subatomic particles that make up atoms are protons, neutrons, and electrons

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2
Q

Electron

A

Negatively charged particle with 1/1840 mass of a proton

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3
Q

Element

A

Pure substance that consists entirely of one type of atom

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4
Q

Isotopes

A

Atoms of the same element that differing the number of neutrons
(Because they have the same number of electrons, all isotopes of an element have the same chemical properties)

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5
Q

Mass number

A

Sum of the protons and neutrons in the nucleus of an atom

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6
Q

Compound

A

Substance that is the chemical combination of two or more elements in definite proportions

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7
Q

Ionic bond

A

Formed when one or more electrons are transferred from one atom to another

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8
Q

Ions

A

Positively and negatively charged atoms

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9
Q

Covalent bond

A

Forms when electrons are shared between atoms

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10
Q

Molecule

A

Smallest unit of most compounds

  • a group of atoms bonded together, representing the smallest fundamental unit of a chemical compound that can take part in a chemical reaction
  • molecule - two or more atoms that are chemically joined together (H2, O2, H2O, etc…)
  • atoms that are joined together by covalent bonds
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11
Q

Van see waals forces

A

When molecules are close together, a slight attraction can develop between the oppositely charged regions of nearby molecules. The attraction of such intermolecular forces is called..

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12
Q

Cohesion

A

Attraction between molecules of the same substance

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13
Q

Adhesion

A

Attraction of molecules of different substances

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14
Q

Mixture

A

Material compound of two or more elements or compounds physically mixed but not chemically combined

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15
Q

Solution

A

All the components are evenly distributed throughout a solution

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16
Q

Solute

A

The substance that is dissolved

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17
Q

Solvent

A

The substance in which the solute dissolves

18
Q

Suspensions

A

Non dissolved material

19
Q

pH scale

A

Used to indicate the concentration of H+ ions in a solution

20
Q

Acid

A

Any compound that forms H+ ions in solution

21
Q

Base

A

Compound that produces hydroxide ions (OH- ions) in a solution

22
Q

Buffers

A

Weak acids or bases that can react with strong acids or bases to prevent sharp, sudden changes in pH

23
Q

Macromolecules

A

Giant molecules

24
Q

Polymerization

A

Large compounds are built by joining smaller ones together. Smaller unit monomer join to for polymers.

25
Q

Carbohydrates

A

Compounds made up of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen atoms, in the ratio 1:2:1 usually.-living things use carbohydrates as their main source of energy. Plants and some animals also use carbohydrates for structural purposes

26
Q

Monosaccharides

A

Single sugar molecules

27
Q

Polysaccharides

A

Larger macromolecules formed from monosaccharides

28
Q

Lipids

A

Made mostly from hydrogen and carbon atoms

  • fats, oils, and waxes
  • lipids can be used to store energy. Some are important biological membranes and waterproof coverings
29
Q

Nucleus acids

A

Macromolecules containing hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, phosphorous, and carbon
Polymers assembled from individual monomers called

30
Q

Nucleotides

A

Consist of three parts: a 5-carbon sugar, a phosphate group, and a nitrogenous base. Two types of nucleic acids: DNA and RNA

31
Q

Proteins

A

Macromolecules that contain nitrogen carbon hydrogen and oxygen

32
Q

Amino acids

A

Proteins are polymers of molecules called amino acids

33
Q

Mass number

A

Sum of the protons and neutrons

34
Q

Atomic mass

A

Weighted average of the masses of an element’s isotopes

35
Q

What causes the water molecule to be polar

A

The unequal sharing of electrons

36
Q

Why is a water molecule polar

A

Because there is an uneven distribution of electrons between the oxygen and hydrogen atoms

37
Q

Polar molecule

A

Molecule in which the charges are unevenly distributed

38
Q

Hydrogen bond

A

The attraction between the hydrogen atom on one water molecule and the oxygen atom on another water molecule (single water molecule may be involved in as many as 4 at a time)

39
Q

Capillary action

A

One of the forces that draw water out of the roots of a plant and up into its stems and leaves

40
Q

Amino acids

A

Molecules that make up proteins

-amino group and carboxyl group

41
Q

What do proteins do

A

Help carry out chemical reactions, transport small molecules in and out of cells, and fight diseases, some control the rate of reaction and regulate cel processes, some form bone and muscles

42
Q

R-group

A

Portion of amino acid that is different

Biology (5 decks)

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