12-4, 12-5

Question 0

Gene mutations

Answer 0

Mutations that produce changes in a single gene

Question 1

Mutations

Answer 1

Changes in genetic material

Question 2

Chromosomal mutations

Answer 2

Genes that produce changes in whole chromosomes

Question 3

Point mutations

Answer 3

Gene mutations involving changes i. One or a few nucleotides
Occur at a single point in the DNA sequence
Substitutions
Insertions and deletions

Question 4

Frame shift mutations

Answer 4

If a nucleotide is added or deleted it shifts the “reading frame” of the genetic message

• can alter a protein too much
• can change every amino acid that follows the point of each mutation

Question 5

What can chromosomal mutations do

Answer 5

Can change the locations of genes on chromosomes and may even change the number of copies of some genes

Question 6

Deletions

Answer 6

Loss of all or part of the chromosome

Question 7

Duplication

Answer 7

Produce extra copies of parts of a chromosome

Question 8

Inversions

Answer 8

Reverse the direction of parts of chromosomes

Question 9

Translocation

Answer 9

When part of one chromosome breaks of and attaches to another

Question 10

Polyploidy

Answer 10

Condition in which an organism has extra sets of chromosomes

Question 11

Promoters

Answer 11

Binding sites for DNA polymerase

Question 12

Regulatory sites

Answer 12

Places where other proteins binding directly to the DNA sequences at those sites can regulate transcription

Question 13

Operon

Answer 13

group of genes that operate together

Question 14

The lac genes

Answer 14

Turned off by depressors and turned on by the presence of lactose

Question 15

Operator

Answer 15

Other region

Question 16

Cells can

Answer 16

Turn their genes on and off as needed

Question 17

Most eukaryotic genes

Answer 17

Are controlled individually and have regulatory sequences that are much more complex than the lac Operon

Question 18

TATA box

Answer 18

Helps position RNA polymerase

Question 19

Differentiation

Answer 19

They become specialized in structure and function

Question 20

Hox genes

Answer 20

Control the differentiation of cells and tissues in the embryo

Question 21

binding proteins bind directly to the DNA sequence and regulate transcription determining whether a gene is turned on or off

Answer 21

So yeah

Question 22

LAC operon in E. coli regulates whether lactase has produced an enzyme needed for the breakdown of lactose

Answer 22

MHM

Question 23

Operons are only in

Answer 23

Prokaryotes

Question 24

Gene regulation is key to cell specialization

Answer 24

K cool

Question 25

Hox genes are similar in most animals indicating descent from a common ancestor

Answer 25

Mhmm

Question 26

Mutation in the hox genes can completely change the Organs that develop in specific parts of the body

Answer 26

Sweet

Question 27

When lactose is present it binds to the repressor and causes the repressor protein to change shape and fall off the operator

Answer 27

Ok

Question 28

If a repressor is bound to the operator prevents the binding of RNA polymerase to the promoter therefore transcription cannot occur

Answer 28

Ok shanty