Chapter 7 Cell Structure/function Flashcards
What is the cell theory
All living things are composed of cells
Cells are the basic units of structure and function in living things
New cells are produced by living cells
Named the cell after looking at cork from a plant
Robert Hooke
Scans with a laser beam,making a 3-d image of cells
Confocal light microscope
Makes movies of cells while they grow, divide, and devolp
High resolution video-technology
Explore cell structures and large protein molecules
Transmission electron microscopes TEM
Scan the surface of specimens creating a 3-D image
Scanning electron microscope
Can observe a single atom
Scanning probe microscope
Prokaryotic cells have
Genetic material that is not contained in a nucleus
Eukaryotic cells contain
A nucleus in which the genetic material is separated from the rest of the cell
Structures in a cell that act as little organs
Organelles
Portion of the cell outside the nucleus (contain the organelles)
Cytoplasm
Contain the cells DNA the control center of the cell
Nucleus
Granular material inside the nucleus
Chromatin
Condensed chromatin when the cell is dividing
Chromosomes
Site of ribosome assembly in the nucleus
Nucleotide
Where proteins are made
RNA
Internal membrane system that makes the lipid part of the cell membrane
Endoplasmic Reticular (ER)
Where proteins are assembled to be exported from the cell. Have ribosomes on top
Rough ER
Contains enzymes which performs functions such as detox ovation of drugs
Smooth ER
Modify sort and package proteins for storage or secretion
Golgi apparatus
Contain enzymes which digest food for the cell. Also clean up dead cells
Lysosomes
Store water, salts, proteins, and carbs
Vacuoles
Convert food energy into usable energy for the cell, the powerhouse of the cell
Mitochondria
Trap sunlight energy and convert it into chemical energy, mostly in plants
Chloroplast
Protein filaments in cells
Cytoskeleton
Aid in cell and organelle movement
Microfilaments
Aid in maintaining cell shape and form the spindle during cell division, also form cilia and flagella
Microtubules
A single-celled organism
Unicellular
A multi-celled organism
Multicellular organism
Cells in an organism that perform different and specific tasks
Cell specialization
Examples of cells
Animals- muscle cells red blood cells pancreatic cells
Plants- stomata cells
Levels of organization
Cells
Tissues
Organ
Organ systems
